Integumentary System & Cancer PDF

Integumentary System Dr. Alaa Talaat Lecturer of pharmacology  What is integumentary system The integumentary system is the body’s outer layer. It consists of skin, hair, nails and glands. Skin consists of three layers: Epidermis: thin, outer membrane layer. Dermis: middl...

Integumentary System Dr. Alaa Talaat Lecturer of pharmacology  What is integumentary system The integumentary system is the body’s outer layer. It consists of skin, hair, nails and glands. Skin consists of three layers: Epidermis: thin, outer membrane layer. Dermis: middle, fibrous connective tissue layer. Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis): inner most layer of fatty tissue.  Dermo: cutan : skin Dermatology: branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin. Dermatophytosis: infection of skin caused by dermatophytes (fungi). Leukoderma: localized area of white depigmented skin due to loss of melanin. It occurs after burn or trauma. Dermatophytosis Leukoderma Kerato: cornea or keratin Keratosis: localized horny overgrowth of the skin as warts or callus. Keratolytic: compound used to remove excess keratin. Tricho: pilo: hair Hypertrichosis: excessive hair growth any where in the body in males or females. Piloerection: erection of hair Pilomotor muscle: a muscle that causes hair erection. Onycho: nail Onychomycosis: fungal infection of the nail. Paronychia is an infection of the tissues surrounding the nail tissue. It is an inflammation involving the lateral and proximal nail folds. Onychomycosis Paronychia Sebo: sebum Sebum is natural oily substance that protects the skin Seborrhea: common noncontagious condition in which excess sebum secretion from sebaceous gland. Melano: dark or black Melanocyte: melanin producing cell Melanoma: tumour of melanocytes.  Some skin conditions Diaphoresis: excessive sweating. Hirsutism: dark body hair appearing on the body where women don't commonly have hair, most often around mouth and chin. Some skin conditions Photosensitivity: skin reacts abnormally when exposed to light. Pruritus: severe itching Vitiligo: chronic autoimmune disorder that causes loss of skin colour in patches. photosensitivity vitiligo Some skin diseases Abscess: collection of pus in skin. Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles; results in papules and pustules. Scabies: infectious skin disease caused by a parasite that burrows through skin→ redness and intense itching. abscess acne Scabies (diagram) scabies Some skin diseases Eczema: allergic skin lesion with redness, vesicles, itching, and crusting. Psoriasis: chronic skin disease which results in scaly, often itchy areas in patches. Eczema Psoriasis Some skin diseases Tinea: fungal infection of the skin. Warts: epidermal growth due to viral infection. Tinea Wart Medical Terminology for Cancer  Oncology: the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Oncologist: cancer specialist. Malignant: a tumour that is cancerous and can invade and destroy nearby tissue or spread to other parts of the body. Metastasis: Spread of tumor to distant areas either by blood or lymphatic Benign tumor: a mass of cells that doesn’t invade the neighboring tissues or metastasize. it grows only locally. Cancer metastasis  Carcinogenic agent: an agent that can cause cancer. Precancerous lesion: Lesion that can be changed to malignant tumor. Carcinoma: malignant tumour arises from the epithelial cells that line the skin, organs, and glands. Sarcoma: malignant tumour arises from the connective tissue cells such as bone, muscle, cartilage, or fat.  Oma: tumor. Lipoma: benign tumour arises from fat. Fibroma: benign tumor that arises from fibrous tissue. Myoma: benign tumor that arises from the muscles. Osteosarcoma: malignant tumour arises from bone.  Biopsy: to take a tissue sample for histopathological examination. Types of biopsy: - Incisional biopsy: to do an incision and remove part of the tumor. - Excisional biopsy: to remove the whole tumor and examine it. - Needle biopsy: to take a small sample using a special needle.  Treatment of cancer - Curative: treatment that causes complete cure from cancer. - Palliative: symptomatic treatment that decreases the symptoms but cannot cure the patient (used in advanced cases). - Chemotherapy: the use of anticancer drugs to treat cancer. - Radiotherapy: the use of radiation to treat cancer.