Integumentary System Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What characterizes congenital lesions in the integumentary system?

They are present at birth. (correct)

They are always inherited genetically.

They only affect external skin surfaces.

They develop in the postnatal period.

Which statement describes ichthyosis?

It leads to smooth skin surfaces.

It is a disease characterized by hair loss.

It results in marked hyperkeratosis resembling fish scales. (correct)

It primarily affects the inner mucosa.

What is a possible outcome of epitheliogenesis imperfecta?

Improved desquamation.

Increased hair regrowth.

Severe skin trauma or infection. (correct)

Enhanced skin barrier function.

Which of the following is true regarding hereditary disorders in the integumentary system?

They can be genetically transmitted but not always expressed phenotypically. Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical characteristic of ichthyosis fetalis?

Presence of large, horny plates on the skin. Signup and view all the answers

What can be a critical complication of ichthyosis?

Bacterial and fungal infections due to fissuring. Signup and view all the answers

In congenital conditions, what is commonly noted about the timing of lesion development?

Lesions develop in utero. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is related to a failure of normal keratinocyte desquamation?

Ichthyosis. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of congenital hypotrichosis congenita in calves?

Maternal dietary iodine deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which breeds are most commonly affected by familial canine dermatomyositis?

Shetland Sheepdogs and Collies Signup and view all the answers

What type of inheritance pattern is seen in familial canine dermatomyositis?

Autosomal dominant Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes seborrhea sicca?

Dry skin with white to gray scales Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of primary idiopathic seborrhea?

Idiopathic origins Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of canine acanthosis nigricans?

Thickened epidermis due to acanthosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of seborrheic skin disease?

Severe scaling and crusting Signup and view all the answers

How is albinism defined?

Hypomelanosis with normally distributed but dysfunctional melanocytes Signup and view all the answers

Which bacteria are known to become pathogenic in seborrheic skin disease?

Coagulase-positive Staphylococci Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is associated with acute dermatitis?

Vesicles, pustules, and erythema Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes chronic dermatitis from other forms of dermatitis?

Mild erythema, scaling, and lichenification Signup and view all the answers

What type of dermatitis is associated with seborrheic skin disease at the histological level?

Superficial perivascular dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant histological finding in seborrheic skin disease?

Marked epidermal hyperplasia Signup and view all the answers

What type of physical injury leads to tissue anoxia rather than direct cell disruption?

Cold injury due to diminished blood flow Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with subacute dermatitis?

Severe hyperkeratosis Signup and view all the answers

What defines seborrhea oleosa?

Greasy skin with brown or yellow pigment Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary histological features observed in burns classified as grade 20?

Marked vascular changes with marked dermal edema Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with focal areas of alopecia and ulceration due to physical injury?

Acral lick dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of gangrenous necrosis of distal limbs due to ergotism?

Infection from Claviceps purpurea Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of burn causes coagulation necrosis of both the epidermis and dermis?

Grade 30 Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is typically observed due to chemical injury from acids?

Marked erythema and swelling Signup and view all the answers

What type of dermatitis arises from contact with concentrated lye solution?

Contact irritant dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common sequelae following severe chemical injury of the skin?

Alopecia and scarring Signup and view all the answers

What form of injury is caused by thermal dry heat?

Desiccation and carbonization Signup and view all the answers

What type of UV radiation is considered the most damaging to the skin?

UV B (280-320 nm) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential outcome of phototoxicity on unprotected skin?

Inactivation of enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the formation of 'sunburn cells' in the skin?

UV B radiation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of photosensitization is caused by the failure of the liver to eliminate phylloerythrin?

Type III Signup and view all the answers

Feline solar dermatosis can progress to which severe skin condition?

Squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances can cause Type I photosensitization?

Phenothiazine Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the presence of apoptotic keratinocytes in the skin?

Sunburn cells Signup and view all the answers

In which region of the sunlight spectrum is UV C radiation found?

200-280 nm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of photosensitization in livestock?

Certain photoreactive chemicals found in specific plants Signup and view all the answers

In cattle, which hair color is most likely to be affected by photosensitization?

White areas of hair Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of Vitamin A deficiency based on the content provided?

Epithelial cells becoming hyperkeratotic Signup and view all the answers

How does zinc deficiency affect the body according to the information provided?

Decreases wound healing and causes keratinization defects Signup and view all the answers

What type of skin areas are primarily affected by photosensitization in cases of liver disease?

Only poorly haired or white-haired areas are affected Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Integumentary System: Systemic Veterinary Pathology II

This is a lecture on the integumentary system
It discusses disorders and diseases of the skin.

Disorders and Diseases of Skin

Congenital and Hereditary:
- Congenital lesions develop in the fetus and are present at birth (e.g., hypotrichosis).
- Hereditary conditions are genetically transmitted but may not always manifest phenotypically during gestation or at birth (e.g., Familial canine dermatomyositis).
- Epitheliogenesis imperfecta involves discontinuities in the stratified squamous epithelium of skin, adnexa and/or oral mucosa.
- Potential genetic mutations with unknown pathogenesis.
- Animals with this condition are susceptible to trauma, infection, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.
- Ichthyosis is an inherited cutaneous disease characterized by marked hyperkeratosis and cracked plates that resemble fish scales.
- It results from failure of normal desquamation due to increased keratinocyte adherence.
- Calf with ichthyosis is a congenital keratinization disorder.
- Hypotrichosis congenita is a congenital condition resulting from maternal iodine deficiency, which causes partial or complete absence of hair.
- Familial canine dermatomyositis is an inherited inflammatory disease of skin and muscle.
- It is typically characterized by symmetrical inflammation, scarring, alopecia, and muscle atrophy, most commonly in the face and limbs, starting around 7 weeks of age.
Disorders of Keratinization:
- Seborrheic skin disease is a chronic condition secondary to abnormalities in cornification and/or sebaceous gland function.
- It can range from simple dandruff to severe inflammation with scaling and crusting.
- It often involves a shift in the microbial community of the skin from non-pathogenic to pathogenic bacteria (e.g., coagulase-positive Staphylococci).
- Primary idiopathic seborrhoea is the most common cause.
- Secondary seborrhoea may be associated with chronic inflammation, hormonal imbalances (hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism), ectoparasites (e.g., demodex), or hypersensitivities (e.g., food allergies, sebaceous adenitis)
Disorders of Pigmentation:
- Canine acanthosis nigricans is an idiopathic condition characterized by hyperpigmentation, alopecia, and lichenification.
- Seborrhea and bacteria pyoderma are frequent complications and are primarily hereditary conditions in Dachshunds.
- Histologically, thickened epidermis with hyperkeratosis exhibiting increased melanin pigment.
- Albinism is a hypomelanosis condition where melanocytes are present but defective in function.
- Affected animals have an inability to synthesize tyrosinase or failure of melanosome melanization.
Inflammation:
- Dermatitis encompasses non-specific cutaneous inflammation affecting the epidermis and dermis.
- Acute dermatitis, Subacute dermatitis, and Chronic dermatitis are varying acute, subacute, and chronic inflammatory conditions that present with variable signs including erythema, edema, exudation, scaling, crusting, and lichenification.
Physiochemical Diseases:
- Physical injury (e.g., burns, abrasions, friction, pressure, temperature extremes, etc) can cause damage to the skin, resulting in various responses from epidermal necrosis to ulcers and crusts.
- Chemical injuries can manifest due to penetration of chemicals to the skin that are enhanced by damage to the stratum corneum (e.g., acids, alkalines, solvents).
- Initial presentations include erythema, swelling, a transient papular-vesicular stage, ulceration, sloughing, alopecia, scarring, and alterations in skin and hair pigmentation.
- Histological findings include superficial perivascular dermatitis, either spongiotic or hyperplastic.
- Gangrenous necrosis of distal limbs can result from ergotism due to ingestion of grain or seeds infected by Claviceps purpurea or from the ergotism that produces ergotamine causing endothelial damage, ischaemia, and necrosis of distal extremities.
Actinic Diseases:
- Actinic radiation from sunlight can cause injuries.
- Phototoxicity (sunburn) from direct radiation damage to unprotected skin (poor haircoats, damage stratum corneum, poor melanin pigmentation) and results in injury to the cell nuclei, membranes and organelles.
- Phototoxicity can lead to organelle damage, inactivation of enzymes, mutagenesis and potentially carcinogenesis (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma , feline solar dermatosis).
- Photosensitization is caused by photodynamic agents interacting with light inducing skin damage, including erythema, oedema, blisters, exudation, necrosis (skin dry and sloughs off), intense pruritus
- It can be exogenous or endogenous, examples being plant ingestion, or porphyrin metabolism deficiencies.
Nutritional Diseases:
- Hypovitaminosis A deficiency can lead to hyperkeratotic squamous epithelial cells and metaplasia of secretory epithelia.
- Mineral deficiencies, such as zinc, can negatively impact wound healing and keratinization leading to defects in the skin, hair, wool, and horny appendages.

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Description

Test your knowledge on congenital lesions and hereditary disorders of the integumentary system. This quiz covers various conditions, characteristics, and complications related to skin disorders. Discover important details about ichthyosis, seborrhea, and other conditions affecting both animals and humans.