Integumentary System Quiz

<p>They elevate the overlying epidermis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reticular layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchoring the skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They result from the tearing of elastic fibers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hard keratin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hair bulb (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vellus hair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lubricating the skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single layer of overlapping cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature regulation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic predisposition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is longer and coarser. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To signal to neighboring cells about the presence of a virus. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They modulate the behavior of various immune cells in response to infection. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inhibiting the synthesis of host proteins necessary for virus replication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind to microbial components and initiate immune signaling. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adaptive immunity develops memory. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competing with pathogens for nutrients and space (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melanoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cell eating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immediate response to a broad range of pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitate communication between immune cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are involved in cell-mediated immunity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eccrine (merocrine) glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their ducts open into hair follicles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They destroy the epidermis and dermis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More than 25% of the body has second-degree burns. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catastrophic loss of body fluids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ceruminous glands (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basal cell carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rule of Nines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>99% water with some salts and waste traces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Redness and blistering (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The outermost layer of skin, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, responsible for protection and forming a barrier.

The deeper, thicker layer of skin, composed of connective tissue, responsible for strength, flexibility, and housing blood vessels, nerves, and glands.

The junction between the epidermis and dermis, characterized by projections called dermal papillae.

A type of connective tissue found in the dermis, providing strength and resilience to the skin. It is a major protein in the body.

A type of protein fiber in the dermis, providing elasticity and allowing the skin to stretch and recoil.

The layer of fat and loose connective tissue beneath the dermis, providing insulation, cushioning, and attaching the skin to underlying muscle.

The primary pigment responsible for skin color, produced by melanocytes.

Skin appendages are structures that grow from the epidermis but extend into the dermis. They include hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and nails.

The nail is a hard keratin structure that corresponds to hooves and claws in other animals. It grows from the nail matrix, a specialized area at the base of the nail.

Hair follicles are complex structures derived from both epidermis and dermis. They are found everywhere except the palms of the hands, soles of the feet, nipples, and certain parts of the genitalia.

The arrector pili is a smooth muscle attached to each hair follicle. Hair bulbs are clusters of epithelial cells that surround the hair papilla. This papilla is connective tissue that provides nutrients to the growing hair.

Hair serves various functions, including warmth, providing a sense of light touch, and protection on the scalp. Hair is made of hard keratin, a protein that gives hair its strength.

Vellus hairs are fine and short, intermediate hairs are in-between, and terminal hairs are longer and thicker. Hair can be active (growing) or in a resting phase before shedding.

Sebaceous glands are located throughout the body, except for the palms and soles. They produce sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair through holocrine secretion.

Sweat glands are found on nearly the entire body surface, except for the nipples and some parts of the external genitalia. They play a vital role in thermoregulation by producing sweat, which evaporates and cools the body.

Hair color is determined by the amount and type of melanin present. Black and brown hair contain melanin, while red hair contains a distinct form. White hair occurs due to decreased melanin production and the presence of air bubbles within the medulla.

A type of sweat gland found in most areas of the body. Produces true sweat, which is mostly water and helps regulate body temperature. Opens through pores.

Sweat glands found only in specific areas like the armpits, groin, and around the anus. Produces a thicker sweat containing organic molecules that decompose and cause odor. Opens into hair follicles.

A modified type of apocrine gland found in the ear canal. Secretes earwax (cerumen), which traps debris and protects the ear.

Modified apocrine glands responsible for producing milk in females. They play a crucial role in lactation.

A serious injury to the skin involving damage to multiple layers. Can be life-threatening due to fluid loss, infection risk, and shock.

The least severe type of burn, affecting only the outer layer of skin (epidermis). Causes redness, pain, and mild swelling.

A burn that damages both the epidermis and the dermis, causing blisters and pain. Can be more severe than a first-degree burn.

The most severe burn, destroying all skin layers (epidermis, dermis, and sometimes hypodermis). Requires immediate medical attention due to tissue damage.

A medical method used to assess the severity of burns based on the percentage of the body's surface area affected. Each body region is assigned a specific percentage value.

Non-cancerous growths on the skin. Typically harmless, but can be aesthetically bothersome.

The body's defense system against disease and injury, involving both non-specific (innate) and specific (acquired) responses.

The body's first line of defense, reacting quickly to a broad range of threats without specific targeting.

The body's second line of defense, responding slower but specifically targeting particular threats.

Physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, and chemical barriers like secretions, forming the first line of defense.

Specialized white blood cells that engulf and destroy foreign invaders.

A protein cascade that amplifies the immune response by tagging invaders for destruction.

A type of white blood cell that directly attacks and kills infected cells.

Specialized white blood cells responsible for recognizing specific threats and launching targeted responses.

Specialized white blood cells that produce antibodies, proteins that bind to specific antigens.

Specialized white blood cells that directly attack infected cells, participating in cell-mediated immunity.

These signaling proteins are produced by virus-infected monocytes and lymphocytes, they are key antiviral proteins which "interfere" with virus replication.

Once infected cells release interferons, these neighboring cells then enter an antiviral state, allowing them to quickly inhibit the virus from replicating.

Interferons inhibit viruses by activating a host protein, which then triggers a cascade of events that ultimately inhibit the host protein synthesis, preventing the virus from replicating.

They are a group of proteins (1-37) that are not stored inside cells, but are quickly synthesized and secreted in response to infection. They are key modulators of immune cell behavior.

Interleukins mainly act by influencing the behavior of immune cells, affecting how they move, differentiate, and even proliferate. They are primarily secreted by T-lymphocytes and macrophages.