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Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of the epidermis in the integumentary system?
What is the primary role of the epidermis in the integumentary system?
- To provide sensation through nerve endings
- To act as a waterproof barrier with keratinization (correct)
- To support and nourish the dermis
- To produce sweat and regulate temperature
Which of the following statements about thick and thin skin is accurate?
Which of the following statements about thick and thin skin is accurate?
- Thin skin typically lacks hair follicles.
- Thin skin is characterized by a higher density of keratinocytes.
- Thick skin is predominantly found on the palms and soles. (correct)
- Thick skin contains more sebaceous glands than thin skin.
Which function of the skin involves producing a vitamin that is crucial for calcium absorption?
Which function of the skin involves producing a vitamin that is crucial for calcium absorption?
- Sensation of touch
- Vitamin D synthesis (correct)
- Protection against pathogens
- Temperature regulation
Which of the following appendages is NOT a component of the integumentary system?
Which of the following appendages is NOT a component of the integumentary system?
What percentage of body weight is primarily attributed to the skin? (review)
What percentage of body weight is primarily attributed to the skin? (review)
What type of glands secrete sweat without loss of other cellular materials?
What type of glands secrete sweat without loss of other cellular materials?
Which sweat glands are primarily involved in emotional sweating?
Which sweat glands are primarily involved in emotional sweating?
Where are apocrine sweat glands predominantly located?
Where are apocrine sweat glands predominantly located?
What is the main function of ceruminous glands?
What is the main function of ceruminous glands?
Which type of gland releases its secretion along with parts of the cell's cytoplasm?
Which type of gland releases its secretion along with parts of the cell's cytoplasm?
What cellular structure provides the blood supply to the hair follicle?
What cellular structure provides the blood supply to the hair follicle?
What characteristic is true of the cells that make up hair?
What characteristic is true of the cells that make up hair?
What type of secretion is associated with sebaceous glands?
What type of secretion is associated with sebaceous glands?
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell regeneration?
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell regeneration?
What is the main type of cell found in the thick skin of the epidermis?
What is the main type of cell found in the thick skin of the epidermis?
Which type of gland is primarily associated with producing an oily substance to protect hair?
Which type of gland is primarily associated with producing an oily substance to protect hair?
Which of these structures is NOT typically found in thick skin?
Which of these structures is NOT typically found in thick skin?
Meissner's corpuscles in the skin are primarily responsible for sensing what type of stimuli?
Meissner's corpuscles in the skin are primarily responsible for sensing what type of stimuli?
In comparison to thin skin, what characteristic of thick skin is most notable?
In comparison to thin skin, what characteristic of thick skin is most notable?
The dermis is divided into which two layers?
The dermis is divided into which two layers?
Which type of epidermal cell is primarily involved in immune response?
Which type of epidermal cell is primarily involved in immune response?
Which receptor is responsible for detecting sustained pressure?
Which receptor is responsible for detecting sustained pressure?
Which feature is characteristic of the superficial papillary layer of the dermis?
Which feature is characteristic of the superficial papillary layer of the dermis?
Which of the following accurately describes the function of skin as part of the integumentary system?
Which of the following accurately describes the function of skin as part of the integumentary system?
What is the primary structural characteristic that differentiates thick skin from thin skin?
What is the primary structural characteristic that differentiates thick skin from thin skin?
In what way do sweat glands play a role in controlling body temperature?
In what way do sweat glands play a role in controlling body temperature?
Which layer of skin is chiefly responsible for housing the majority of skin appendages such as glands and hair follicles?
Which layer of skin is chiefly responsible for housing the majority of skin appendages such as glands and hair follicles?
Which type of receptor in the skin is primarily involved in detecting fine touch?
Which type of receptor in the skin is primarily involved in detecting fine touch?
Which type of sweat gland primarily helps in thermoregulation?
Which type of sweat gland primarily helps in thermoregulation?
What type of gland is responsible for the production of ear wax?
What type of gland is responsible for the production of ear wax?
Which statement correctly describes the structure of hair?
Which statement correctly describes the structure of hair?
Which gland is classified as a holocrine gland?
Which gland is classified as a holocrine gland?
Where do apocrine sweat glands primarily discharge their secretions?
Where do apocrine sweat glands primarily discharge their secretions?
What role do myoepithelial cells play in sweat glands?
What role do myoepithelial cells play in sweat glands?
What is the primary function of the arrector pili muscle?
What is the primary function of the arrector pili muscle?
Which of the following correctly describes the secretion method of merocrine glands?
Which of the following correctly describes the secretion method of merocrine glands?
Which cell type is most abundant in the thick skin of the epidermis?
Which cell type is most abundant in the thick skin of the epidermis?
What differentiates the stratum corneum in thick skin from that in thin skin?
What differentiates the stratum corneum in thick skin from that in thin skin?
Which layer of the dermis is primarily responsible for tactile sensation?
Which layer of the dermis is primarily responsible for tactile sensation?
What is the primary function of the sebaceous glands?
What is the primary function of the sebaceous glands?
Which feature is characteristic of thin skin compared to thick skin?
Which feature is characteristic of thin skin compared to thick skin?
Which mechanoreceptor is primarily responsible for detecting deep pressure?
Which mechanoreceptor is primarily responsible for detecting deep pressure?
What is a notable difference between the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?
What is a notable difference between the papillary and reticular layers of the dermis?
Which type of epidermal cell is involved in the synthesis of melanin?
Which type of epidermal cell is involved in the synthesis of melanin?
What is a characteristic feature of the dermal papillae?
What is a characteristic feature of the dermal papillae?
Which of the following receptors is NOT classified as a mechanoreceptor?
Which of the following receptors is NOT classified as a mechanoreceptor?
Flashcards
Integumentary System
Integumentary System
The outer covering of the body, including skin and its appendages (hair, glands, nails).
Skin Function
Skin Function
Protection, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, sensation, and substance movement.
Epidermis
Epidermis
Outermost skin layer, made of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium; produces keratin (waterproof protein).
Dermis
Dermis
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Skin Appendages
Skin Appendages
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine Secretion
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Apocrine Secretion
Apocrine Secretion
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Holocrine Secretion
Holocrine Secretion
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Hair Follicle
Hair Follicle
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Hair Structure
Hair Structure
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Sebaceous glands
Sebaceous glands
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Epidermis layers
Epidermis layers
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Epidermal cells
Epidermal cells
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Thick vs. Thin Skin Epidermis
Thick vs. Thin Skin Epidermis
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Papillary Layer
Papillary Layer
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Reticular Layer
Reticular Layer
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Meissner's Corpuscle
Meissner's Corpuscle
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Sensory Receptors in Skin
Sensory Receptors in Skin
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Sweat Glands
Sweat Glands
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Dermal papillae
Dermal papillae
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What are the main functions of skin?
What are the main functions of skin?
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What are the two main layers of skin?
What are the two main layers of skin?
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What's the difference between thick and thin skin?
What's the difference between thick and thin skin?
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What are the skin appendages?
What are the skin appendages?
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What are dermal papillae?
What are dermal papillae?
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Stratum Basale (Germinativum)
Stratum Basale (Germinativum)
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Stratum Corneum
Stratum Corneum
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Keratinocytes
Keratinocytes
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Melanocytes
Melanocytes
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Langerhans Cells
Langerhans Cells
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Merkel Cells
Merkel Cells
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Thick Skin
Thick Skin
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Thin Skin
Thin Skin
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What are the two types of sweat glands?
What are the two types of sweat glands?
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What are the differences between Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands?
What are the differences between Eccrine and Apocrine sweat glands?
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What are sebaceous glands?
What are sebaceous glands?
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What is the arrector pili muscle?
What is the arrector pili muscle?
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What does hair consist of?
What does hair consist of?
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What is the dermal papilla of a hair follicle?
What is the dermal papilla of a hair follicle?
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What is the hair bulb?
What is the hair bulb?
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What is the function of hair?
What is the function of hair?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System - Skin and its Appendages
- The integumentary system encompasses the skin and its appendages, including hair, sebaceous glands, nails, and sweat glands.
- Functions of skin include: covering and protecting the body, regulating internal temperature, producing vitamin D, detecting environmental stimuli, and regulating substances moving into and out of the body.
- Skin represents the largest organ, making up 16% of body weight.
Layers of Skin
- Epidermis: outermost layer, composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium.
- Keratin production creates a waterproof barrier.
- Contains pigments (melanin) for UV protection.
- Dermis: living layer below epidermis, mainly dense connective tissue.
- Contains fibers, cells, blood vessels, glands (sweat & sebaceous), and hairs.
- Hypodermis: layer beneath dermis, composed of adipose tissue and receptors.
Epidermis and Dermis Details
- Epidermis:
- Contains specialized layers like stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (sometimes absent), and stratum corneum.
- Different skin types (thick/thin) exist. Thick skin is found on palms and soles. It has a complete stratum lucidum and is thicker. Thin skin covers other body parts, lacking stratum lucidum, being thinner.
- Dermis:
- Two layers - superficial papillary layer (loose connective tissue, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics, containing Meissner's corpuscles), and deeper reticular layer (dense fibrous connective tissue, containing Krause end bulbs, Pacinian corpuscles, and Ruffini corpuscles).
Layers of Epidermis
- Stratum basale (germinativum)
- Stratum spinosum
- Stratum granulosum
- Stratum lucidum (if present)
- Stratum corneum
Types of Epidermal Cells
- Keratinocytes (85% of cells)
- Melanocytes
- Langerhans cells
- Merkel cells
Thick Skin
- Thickness : 0.8mm in palm to 1.4mm in sole
- Contains four cell types: keratinocytes (majority), melanocytes, Langerhans cells, and Merkel cells.
- Arranged in five layers.
Thin Skin
- Thinner than thick skin, lacking stratum lucidum.
- Contains fewer sweat glands.
- Has hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous glands.
- Most of the body is covered by thin skin except the palms and soles.
Differences Between Thin and Thick Skin
- Stratum spinosum and corneum are thicker in thick skin, and stratum lucidum is present.
- Epidermal ridges are present in thick skin but absent in thin skin.
- Hair follicles, arrector pili muscles, and sebaceous glands are present in thin skin but absent in thick skin.
- Sweat glands are more numerous in thick skin.
- Sensory receptors tend to be more concentrated in the thick skin.
The Dermis
-
Papillary layer: forms dermal papillae, containing loose connective tissue, rich in collagen type III, elastic fibers, connective tissue cells, and blood capillaries. Contains Meissner's corpuscles.
-
Reticular layer: thicker deep layer, dense connective tissue, contains a high proportion of nerve receptors (e.g., Krause end bulbs, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini corpuscles, and many nerve endings), and is less vascular.
Receptors of Skin
- Sensory receptors of skin include cutaneous mechanoreceptors (like Ruffini corpuscles, Meissner's corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Merkel's discs(for sustained touch & pressure), free nerve endings), thermoreceptors, nociceptors, bulbous corpuscles, and chemoreceptors.
Glands and Appendages of Skin
- Sebaceous glands: clumps of epithelial tissue, secreting sebum (oily substance), located all over the body, usually associated with hair follicles.
- Sweat glands: microscopic clumps of epithelial tissue in dermis, leading outside through pores; producing sweat.
- Eccrine sweat glands: concentrated on hands, feet & forehead; helping cool down the body.
- Apocrine sweat glands: concentrated in armpits & groin; producing specific odor, associated with hair follicles.
- Ceruminous glands: modified sweat glands in ear canal, producing ear wax.
- Mammary glands: modified sweat glands in female breasts, producing milk.
Classification of Glands by Secretion
- Merocrine: secretory granules leave the cell by exocytosis. Example, pancreatic glands and eccrine sweat glands.
- Apocrine: secretory granules discharge along with portions of the apical cytoplasm. Example, some sweat glands.
- Holocrine: secretory granules shed with the entire cell. Example, sebaceous glands.
Hair
- Hair follicles are tubular invaginations of the epidermis, composed of dead keratinized cells.
- Parts of hair include the medulla, cortex, cuticle, and the hair bulb. The base of the hair follicle, the hair bulb, contains the dermal papilla with blood supply for the hair.
- Arrector pili muscles associated with hair follicles contract to elevate the hair, contributing to goosebumps.
- Sebaceous glands discharge sebum onto the hair shaft.
Nails
- Nails are hard keratin plates covering the dorsal tips of fingers and toes.
- Key parts of nails include nail body, nail root, nail matrix, eponychium (cuticle), nail bed, free edge, and lunula
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Description
Explore the integumentary system, focusing on the skin and its appendages. Understand the structure of the skin, its layers including the epidermis and dermis, and key functions such as protection and temperature regulation. This quiz covers essential facts and details about skin anatomy and physiology.
