Integumentary System Overview
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Integumentary System Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the hypodermis?

  • Protection against UV rays
  • Regulate body temperature
  • Connect skin to underlying tissues (correct)
  • Synthesize vitamin D

    • What type of tissue primarily makes up the epidermis?

  • Loose areolar connective tissue
  • Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (correct)

    • Which stratum of the epidermis is primarily responsible for the generation of new skin cells?

  • Stratum basale (correct)
  • Stratum granulosum
  • Stratum corneum
  • Stratum spinosum

    • What is the function of melanin in the skin?

    <p>Absorb UV rays and provide protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells is found in the stratum spinosum?

    <p>Distorted cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hair contains the cells that produce the hair?

    <p>Hair papilla</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of arrector pili muscles?

    <p>Connect hair follicle to the dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a function of the skin?

    <p>Synthesis of enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the stratum corneum layer?

    <p>Protection of deeper tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of long bones?

    <p>Facilitating movement and supporting weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the dermis in the skin structure?

    <p>Housing nerve endings for sensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stratum lucidum is primarily found in which part of the body?

    <p>High-wear areas like the palms and soles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>To produce sweat directly onto the skin's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nail is identified as the lunula?

    <p>The pale crescent part of the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with long bones?

    <p>They support weight and are longer than they are wide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cuticle, or eponychium, in relation to the nail?

    <p>To protect against infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones are classified as long bones in the lower limbs?

    <p>Femur, Tibia, Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of short bones?

    <p>Support and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is classified as a short bone?

    <p>Scaphoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is primarily found in the wrist and ankle joints?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately lists the bones in the upper limbs classified as long bones?

    <p>Radius, Ulna, Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT associated with the skeletal system?

    <p>Insulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is most likely to store yellow bone marrow?

    <p>Long bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands produces sebum?

    <p>Sebaceous glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of bones in an adult human?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bones primarily protects internal organs?

    <p>Flat bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many cranial bones are present in the human skull?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is classified as an irregular bone?

    <p>Vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones in the body are NOT classified as flat bones?

    <p>Humorous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do sesamoid bones primarily serve in the body?

    <p>Reinforce tendons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is included in the axial skeleton?

    <p>Ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes irregular bones from other categories of bones?

    <p>They have a complex shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System

    • Largest organ: skin, forming outer protective covering; continuous cutaneous membrane.
    • Functions: protection (UV rays, sunburn via melanin); waste excretion; body temperature regulation; vitamin D synthesis; sensation (heat, cold).
    • Layers: epidermis (superficial, keratinized stratified squamous epithelium) and dermis (deeper, irregular fibrous connective tissue; collagen and elastic fibers).
    • Epidermis Layers: stratum basale (deepest, dividing cells); stratum spinosum (multilayered, distorted cells); stratum granulosum (flattened cells, protein granules); stratum lucidum (translucent, in thick skin); stratum corneum (dead, keratinized cells).
    • Dermis: Provides blood supply to epidermis.
    • Hypodermis/Superficial Fascia: Subcutaneous tissue connecting skin to muscle/bone; contains areolar and adipose tissue.

    Accessory Structures of Skin, Nails, and Hair

    • Hair follicle: sheath-like indentation of epidermis.
    • Hair papilla: at follicle base; produces hair.
    • Hair root: within follicle.
    • Hair shaft: extends from follicle.
    • Arrector pili muscle: connects follicle to dermis; causes goosebumps.
    • Matrix: modified stratum germinativum in hair/nail.
    • Nail bed: skin under nail.
    • Lunula: pale crescent of matrix visible through nail.
    • Nail body: visible portion of nail.
    • Cuticle/Eponychium: extends from fold to nail body.

    Glands

    • Sudoriferous glands (sweat): eccrine (open to skin surface); apocrine (open into hair follicles).
    • Sebaceous glands: oil (sebum) secretion.
    • Ceruminous glands: ear wax production.
    • Mammary glands: milk production.

    Skeletal System

    • Total bones: 206 in adults; 270-350 in newborns.
    • Divisions: axial (80 bones) and appendicular (126 bones).
    • Axial Skeleton: cranium (8), facial bones (14), hyoid (1), auditory ossicles (6), vertebral column (26), sternum (1), ribs (24).
    • Appendicular Skeleton: upper extremities (64 bones), lower extremities (62 bones).

    Bone Types

    • Long bones: longer than wide; support weight, facilitate movement (e.g., femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna).
    • Short bones: cube-shaped; provide stability and movement (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
    • Flat bones: protect internal organs (e.g., skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapulae).
    • Irregular bones: complex shapes; protect internal organs (e.g., vertebrae, pelvic bones).
    • Sesamoid bones: embedded in tendons; reinforce tendons (e.g., patella).

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    Related Documents

    Integumentary & Skeletal Review PDF

    Description

    Explore the comprehensive functions and structures of the integumentary system, including the skin, its layers, and accessory structures. This quiz highlights the protective roles of the skin, its regulation of temperature, and its processes for sensation. Test your knowledge on the anatomy and physiology related to this vital organ.

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