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Questions and Answers
What is the primary component of the outer layer of the epidermis?
What is the primary component of the outer layer of the epidermis?
Which pigment is produced by melanocytes to protect against UV radiation?
Which pigment is produced by melanocytes to protect against UV radiation?
What is a major effect of sunlight on melanocytes?
What is a major effect of sunlight on melanocytes?
What is the primary function of the dermis in the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the dermis in the integumentary system?
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Which layer of the skin contains the majority of the sensory receptors?
Which layer of the skin contains the majority of the sensory receptors?
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Which statement about carotene is true?
Which statement about carotene is true?
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What physical change may occur due to over-stretching of the dermis?
What physical change may occur due to over-stretching of the dermis?
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Which of the following statements is false regarding melanocytes?
Which of the following statements is false regarding melanocytes?
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What percentage of total body weight does the skin constitute?
What percentage of total body weight does the skin constitute?
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Which type of membrane is the skin classified as?
Which type of membrane is the skin classified as?
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Which of the following describes the primary function of the skin?
Which of the following describes the primary function of the skin?
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What type of membrane surrounds the abdominopelvic cavity?
What type of membrane surrounds the abdominopelvic cavity?
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What initiates hair growth from the hair follicle?
What initiates hair growth from the hair follicle?
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Which type of sweat gland is responsible for body odor?
Which type of sweat gland is responsible for body odor?
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Which structure is NOT a characteristic of the mucous membrane?
Which structure is NOT a characteristic of the mucous membrane?
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What substance do nails primarily consist of?
What substance do nails primarily consist of?
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What is the role of keratin in the skin?
What is the role of keratin in the skin?
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What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
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Which of the following is a function of the cutaneous membrane?
Which of the following is a function of the cutaneous membrane?
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Where does the nail meet the nail root?
Where does the nail meet the nail root?
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Which type of epithelial tissue lines the serous membranes?
Which type of epithelial tissue lines the serous membranes?
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Which structures are found underneath the skin and involved in sensory response?
Which structures are found underneath the skin and involved in sensory response?
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What form of skin secretion is primarily secreted by eccrine sweat glands?
What form of skin secretion is primarily secreted by eccrine sweat glands?
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What occurs to the cells in hair follicles when new cells are formed?
What occurs to the cells in hair follicles when new cells are formed?
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What characterizes a first degree burn?
What characterizes a first degree burn?
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Which type of burn is characterized by blisters and severe pain?
Which type of burn is characterized by blisters and severe pain?
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What is a distinguishing feature of a third degree burn?
What is a distinguishing feature of a third degree burn?
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Which statement correctly describes a fourth degree burn?
Which statement correctly describes a fourth degree burn?
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Which of the following best describes the healing process for a second degree burn?
Which of the following best describes the healing process for a second degree burn?
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Which burn classification causes minor discomfort and is often known as a sunburn?
Which burn classification causes minor discomfort and is often known as a sunburn?
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Why are third degree burns insensitive to immediate pain?
Why are third degree burns insensitive to immediate pain?
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Which type of burn can be classified as deep but not penetrating muscle or bone?
Which type of burn can be classified as deep but not penetrating muscle or bone?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- The Integumentary System is composed of the skin, which is the largest organ in the body and makes up 16% of the body's weight.
- The skin provides protection, temperature regulation, and sensory function.
- The skin is an example of a cutaneous membrane formed by epithelial and connective tissues.
Integumentary System: Layers
- The outer layer of the skin is called the epidermis and is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
- The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is composed of keratin, which makes the skin waterproof.
- The inner layer of the skin is called the dermis and is primarily composed of connective tissue.
- The dermis provides strength, support, and elasticity to the skin.
Integumentary System: Skin Color
- Melanin is a pigment that ranges in color from yellow to dark brown.
- Melanocytes produce melanin and transfer it to epithelial cells called keratinocytes.
- The amount of melanin produced determines skin color, with darker-skinned individuals having more melanin.
- Sunlight stimulates melanocyte activity, leading to the production of more melanin.
- Carotene is a yellowish pigment found in the stratum corneum and fatty layer beneath the skin.
- Carotene, combined with melanin, can produce a yellowish hue, particularly in individuals with Asian heritage.
Integumentary System: Hair
- Hair follicles are pockets in the skin required for hair growth.
- Most of the body is covered in hair, except for areas like the lips, palms of the hands, and bottoms of the feet.
- Hair growth originates from a small bump on the skin called the papilla.
- The papilla is connected to blood vessels and supplies nutrients for hair growth.
- Hair is formed by the production of new cells, pushing older cells forward and filling them with keratin.
- Pulling out hair does not prevent future growth because stem cells in the papilla remain intact.
Integumentary System: Nails
- Nails are produced by cells in the epidermis and are composed of keratin.
- The lunula, visible as a white crescent at the base of the nail, represents the nail's attachment to the nail root.
- The nail body is the visible portion of the nail.
- The nail root is located beneath the cuticle and is not visible.
- Nails lack melanin, providing a transparent appearance.
Integumentary System: Skin Glands
- Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are responsible for perspiration.
- Eccrine glands are distributed throughout the body and produce a watery secretion containing salt, urea, and other ions.
- Apocrine glands are found in the armpit and produce a thicker, milky substance.
- Body odor is produced by the breakdown of apocrine gland secretions by bacteria.
- Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin, preventing drying.
- Sebaceous gland activity is particularly active during puberty due to testosterone influence, which can contribute to acne.
Integumentary System: Disorders - Burns
- Burns are classified based on the depth of tissue damage.
- First-degree burns affect the surface layers of the epidermis, resulting in minor discomfort and reddening, similar to a sunburn.
- Second-degree burns involve the deep epidermis layers and upper dermis, leading to blisters and severe pain.
- Third-degree burns completely destroy the epidermis and dermis, resulting in insensitivity to pain due to nerve damage.
- Fourth-degree burns extend beyond the subcutaneous tissue, reaching the muscle or bone.
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Description
Explore the key components of the integumentary system, focusing on the skin's structure and function. Learn about the different layers of skin, including the epidermis and dermis, and the role of melanin in skin color. Test your knowledge on this vital system of the human body.
