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Questions and Answers
What is integument?
Skin is what percent of total body weight?
16%
What are the components of the integumentary system?
Epidermis, Dermis
What is the hypodermis?
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What are two functions of the epidermis?
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Which layer of skin is avascular?
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What does melanin protect from?
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What is keratin?
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How many layers does thin skin have?
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How many layers does thick skin have?
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What is stratum basale?
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What happens to epidermal cells in a freshwater bath?
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What is dermis?
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What are two pigments found in the epidermis?
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What is dermatitis?
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What are the two layers of the dermis?
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What provides dermal strength and elasticity?
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What is skin turgor?
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What types of glands are in the skin?
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What are the three stages of wound healing?
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A superficial wound has visible scarring.
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What is sensible thermoregulation?
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What is insensible thermoregulation?
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What are two functions of sweat?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- Integument refers to the skin, a crucial organ system comprising various components.
- Skin accounts for approximately 16% of total body weight.
- The integumentary system consists of two main layers: the epidermis (avascular) and dermis (vascularized), along with the hypodermis.
Epidermis
- The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin, receiving nutrients through diffusion from the dermis.
- Functionally, the epidermis provides waterproofing and protection.
- It contains melanocytes that produce melanin, which protects against UV radiation.
- Keratin is a key protein in the epidermis, enhancing resistance to abrasion and water.
- The epidermal layers, from superficial to deepest, include: stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale, and the basement membrane.
Skin Layers
- Thin skin: Comprises four layers and covers most body regions except palms and soles.
- Thick skin: Comprises five layers, found in palms and soles.
- Stratum basale: Innermost layer, attached to the basement membrane; contains melanocytes.
- Stratum spinosum: Second layer with daughter cells from the basal layer pushed upward.
- Stratum granulosum: Third layer where cells cease dividing and increase keratin production.
- Stratum lucidum: An extra layer found only in thick skin.
- Stratum corneum: The outermost layer, consisting of keratinized, dead cells.
Pigments
- Two key pigments in the epidermis are carotene (orange/yellow from diet) and melanin (brown pigment from melanocytes).
Dermis
- Located between the epidermis and hypodermis, contains two layers: papillary (superficial) and reticular (deep).
- The papillary layer consists of areolar tissue, capillaries, and sensory nerves.
- The reticular layer comprises dense irregular connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers providing strength and elasticity.
Hypodermis
- The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, consists of areolar and adipose tissue, anchoring the skin and allowing movement.
Accessory Structures
- Hair: Anchored by the hair root, the hair shaft extends beyond the skin's surface.
- Sebaceous glands: Oil glands that secrete sebum into hair follicles, functioning as halocrine glands.
Wound Healing
- Three stages of wound healing are inflammation, proliferation, and maturation.
- Superficial wounds only damage the epidermis and leave no visible scar, while dermal damage wounds impact deeper structures and vary in healing time.
Thermoregulation
- Sensible thermoregulation: Involves sweating to cool the body.
- Insensible thermoregulation: Refers to water loss from the epidermis that goes unnoticed.
Functions of Sweat
- Helps in thermoregulation and eliminates metabolic wastes such as ammonia and sodium.
Tissue Types in Integument
- The integument consists of:
- Epithelial tissue: avascular stratified squamous epithelium.
- Connective tissue: vascular connective tissue in the dermis.
- Nervous tissue: contains free nerve endings and specialized corpuscles for sensation.
- Muscular tissue: includes arrector pili muscles responsible for hair movement.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the integumentary system with these flashcards. This quiz covers key definitions, components, and functions of the skin, providing a solid review for Exam 1. Perfect for students in anatomy or related courses.
