18 Questions
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of renal compensation in metabolic alkalosis?
Decreased H+ excretion
Which of the following is the primary mechanism for the body to regulate H+ concentration?
Renal conservation and excretion of HCO3-
What is the primary role of the buffer systems in acid-base disturbances?
To provide immediate, but limited, compensation
Which of the following is the primary source of fixed (non-volatile) acid production in the body?
Protein catabolism
In the context of acid-base regulation, what is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Excretion of volatile acids like CO2
In respiratory alkalosis, which of the following compensatory mechanisms occurs?
Increased HCO3- excretion
Which of the following conditions would lead to metabolic alkalosis?
Excessive vomiting
Which of the following buffer systems is primarily responsible for regulating pH in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system
In the context of acid-base regulation, what is the primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate to expel CO2
In the reaction CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3-, which of the following is true during respiratory acidosis?
The reaction shifts to the right, increasing HCO3- levels
Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe acid-base imbalance?
All of the above
Which of the following is the primary mechanism of respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis?
Increased alveolar ventilation (VA)
Which of the following is the primary mechanism for renal compensation during metabolic acidosis?
Increased production of new bicarbonate (HCO3-) and secretion of hydrogen ions (H+)
What is the primary role of the buffer systems in the body during respiratory acidosis?
To neutralize the excess hydrogen ions (H+) and prevent a drastic pH change
In respiratory alkalosis, which of the following compensatory mechanisms is NOT involved?
Decreased production of new bicarbonate (HCO3-) by the kidneys
Which of the following hormones plays a role in regulating acid-base balance by promoting hydrogen ion (H+) secretion and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reabsorption?
Aldosterone
In the context of acid-base disturbances, what is the primary consequence of hypokalemia (low potassium levels)?
Decreased hydrogen ion (H+) secretion and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reabsorption
Which of the following statements about the regulation of acid-base balance is correct?
Renal compensation occurs during respiratory alkalosis by increasing bicarbonate reabsorption
This quiz covers the locations, mechanisms, and control factors involved in regulating Acid/Base balance. Topics include the tight regulation of H+, acid/base disturbances affecting various bodily functions, and the pH ranges compatible with life. Based on Vander's Human Physiology, Chapter 14 by Dr. Karyn Turla for Spring 2024.
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