Integrative Physiology III: Regulation of Acid/Base Balance

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Which of the following is the primary mechanism of renal compensation in metabolic alkalosis?

Increased HCO3- reabsorption

Decreased H+ excretion (correct)

Decreased HCO3- excretion

Increased H+ secretion

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for the body to regulate H+ concentration?

Production of ketoacids during fasting or diabetes

Excretion of volatile acids through respiration

Renal conservation and excretion of HCO3- (correct)

Buffering systems that bind and release H+

What is the primary role of the buffer systems in acid-base disturbances?

To restore the pH to normal levels

To signal the kidneys to initiate renal compensation

To initiate respiratory compensation

To provide immediate, but limited, compensation (correct)

Which of the following is the primary source of fixed (non-volatile) acid production in the body?

Protein catabolism Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base regulation, what is the primary function of the respiratory system?

Excretion of volatile acids like CO2 Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory alkalosis, which of the following compensatory mechanisms occurs?

Increased HCO3- excretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions would lead to metabolic alkalosis?

Excessive vomiting Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following buffer systems is primarily responsible for regulating pH in the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base regulation, what is the primary compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis?

Increased respiratory rate to expel CO2 Signup and view all the answers

In the reaction CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H+ + HCO3-, which of the following is true during respiratory acidosis?

The reaction shifts to the right, increasing HCO3- levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential consequence of severe acid-base imbalance?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis?

Increased alveolar ventilation (VA) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism for renal compensation during metabolic acidosis?

Increased production of new bicarbonate (HCO3-) and secretion of hydrogen ions (H+) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the buffer systems in the body during respiratory acidosis?

To neutralize the excess hydrogen ions (H+) and prevent a drastic pH change Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory alkalosis, which of the following compensatory mechanisms is NOT involved?

Decreased production of new bicarbonate (HCO3-) by the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones plays a role in regulating acid-base balance by promoting hydrogen ion (H+) secretion and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reabsorption?

Aldosterone Signup and view all the answers

In the context of acid-base disturbances, what is the primary consequence of hypokalemia (low potassium levels)?

Decreased hydrogen ion (H+) secretion and bicarbonate (HCO3-) reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the regulation of acid-base balance is correct?

Renal compensation occurs during respiratory alkalosis by increasing bicarbonate reabsorption Signup and view all the answers