Animal Physiology II - Acid-Base Balance
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following causes alkalosis by depleting H+?

  • Hyperventilation
  • Diarrhea
  • Excessive vomiting (correct)
  • Ingestion of alkaline drugs

    • Which acid-base regulatory system reacts rapidly to changes in pH?

  • Chemical buffer system
  • Respiration (correct)
  • Excretion by the kidney
  • All of the above

    • Which of the following is not a cause of alkalosis?

  • Diarrhea
  • Excessive vomiting
  • Hyperventilation
  • Excessive consumption of acidic foods (correct)

    • Which of the following is a chemical buffer system?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following causes alkalosis by driving equilibrium to the left?

    <p>Hyperventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an acid-base regulatory system?

    <p>Excessive consumption of alkaline foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical mammalian physiological pH range?

    <p>7.35 - 7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the renal mechanism for acid-base balance?

    <p>Increasing H+ excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary chemical buffer system in the blood?

    <p>Bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition results in excess acid formation due to ingestion of large quantities of drugs?

    <p>Acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of urine in mammals?

    <p>4.5 - 8.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a drop in pH during digestion in the stomach?

    <p>Stomach acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is the most plentiful and powerful in the human body?

    <p>Protein buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system has a concentration that is higher intracellularly and in urine?

    <p>Phosphate buffer system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a strong acid is added to a bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>The pH of the solution decreases only slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a strong base is added to a bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>The pH of the solution increases only slightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the protein buffer system generally gives up H+?

    <p>Carboxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when plasma [H+] increases?

    <p>Rapid, deep breathing expels more CO2, reducing H+ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism causes an increase in H+ levels during slower, more shallow breathing?

    <p>Decreased elimination of CO2 by the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Emphysema and chronic bronchitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pH during respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>It increases due to decreased H+ levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys contribute to the correction of alkalosis?

    <p>By excreting excess HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of HCO3- reabsorption is contributed by the proximal tubule?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes occurs at the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule?

    <p>Coupling of HCO3- to the movement of ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in the proximal tubule?

    <p>It catalyzes the dehydration of H2CO3, facilitating the reabsorption of HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells are responsible for finely regulating acid-base balance in the distal tubule?

    <p>Intercalated cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of type A intercalated cells during acidosis?

    <p>They secrete H+ and conserve HCO3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of type B intercalated cells during alkalosis?

    <p>They secrete HCO3- and reabsorb H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during prolonged acidosis in the kidney?

    <p>H+ secretion is coupled with the addition of 'new' HCO3- to the plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the rate of tubular H+ secretion and HCO3- reabsorption in the kidney?

    <p>It controls the pH of the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

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