Integrated Pest Management Chapter
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Questions and Answers

What is one main benefit of crop rotation?

  • Increases the number of pests in the soil
  • Enhances nutrient levels for different plants (correct)
  • Decreases soil erosion
  • Promotes the growth of identical crops

    • What distinguishes mechanical control from physical control methods?

  • Mechanical control uses chemical pesticides.
  • Physical control targets the pest's reproductive ability only.
  • Mechanical control is more effective than physical control.
  • Mechanical control destroys a pest or its reproductive ability. (correct)

    • Which method is NOT a form of mechanical pest control?

  • Row covers (correct)
  • Rototilling
  • Flaming
  • Mowing

    • Which pest control method involves covering plants with sheets?

    <p>Row covers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is used to control pests by altering the environment to be unsuitable for them?

    <p>Physical management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pest is mentioned as being managed using mechanical control methods?

    <p>Tomato hornworms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pest traps?

    <p>To catch or kill pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does IPM stand for in the context of pest management?

    <p>Integrated Pest Management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should row covers be frequently checked?

    <p>To ensure they are intact and protecting the plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods can help identify signs of pest presence?

    <p>Hand lens or magnifying glass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When might it be advisable to check for pests during the monitoring process?

    <p>At night depending on the pest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of utilizing certain plants as check plants in pest management?

    <p>To save time while allowing for monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one key focus of early 1900s research in pest management?

    <p>Avoiding harm to beneficial natural enemies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cards can be used to monitor insect pest populations?

    <p>Yellow sticky cards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do traps play in integrated pest management?

    <p>To monitor the presence of pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two components mentioned in pest analysis besides the actual pest organism?

    <p>Signs and symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of integrated pest management (IPM)?

    <p>To judiciously use various tools to suppress pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is a key component of an effective IPM program?

    <p>Monitoring for pests regularly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a foundational aspect of a successful IPM?

    <p>A good monitoring program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the traditional approach to pest management differ from IPM?

    <p>IPM takes action based on pest population monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pests can be included in an IPM monitoring program?

    <p>Insects, weeds, vertebrates, and diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common pitfall of traditional pest management practices?

    <p>Over-reliance on preventive pesticide applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is NOT part of integrated pest management?

    <p>Applying pesticides without monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of catching pest populations early in the IPM approach?

    <p>It minimizes the need for control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one significant drawback of using pesticides?

    <p>They can pose hazards to the applicator and others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.)?

    <p>It is effective primarily on the youngest life stages of insects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are pesticides often chosen as a first option for pest control?

    <p>They can control pests over large areas easily.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the speed of pesticides?

    <p>They usually work quickly with little lag time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) be applied for insect management?

    <p>It can be deployed through GMO crops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What problem may arise from misapplication of pesticides?

    <p>Residues can harm the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reason why some microorganisms are considered advantageous in pest management?

    <p>They can be tailored for specific pest types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Bacillus thuringiensis strains is active against mosquito larvae?

    <p>B.t.israelensis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pesticide rotation in an integrated pest management (IPM) program?

    <p>To target different systems inside the pest and reduce resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a suppressive tactic in pest management?

    <p>Insurance policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does proper monitoring in IPM involve?

    <p>Utilizing tools like trapping and weather monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best reflects the concept of pesticide stewardship?

    <p>Implementing practices to extend the efficacy of pesticide tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to choose resistant and tolerant cultivars in pest management?

    <p>They can help manage pest populations more sustainably</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of employing nuanced decisions in pesticide application?

    <p>To minimize pesticide use and reduce potential crop damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can altering planting dates assist in pest management?

    <p>It helps synchronize pest life cycles with crop growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alternative does PAMS offer to traditional IPM?

    <p>A novel approach to educating growers about pest management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural management involves changing practices to increase pest pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monitoring for pests is essential after identifying the pest to tailor solutions.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A stressed plant is less likely to suffer from pest damage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The right plant in the wrong place can thrive successfully.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Master Gardeners are available to assist with pest identification challenges.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synthetic pesticides are always used in organic IPM programs.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Understanding soil traits is irrelevant to pest management practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identification of pests is only necessary after pests have caused visible damage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasitoids usually kill their hosts after injecting their eggs into them.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasites and parasitoids are the same, as both inflict harm on their hosts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Goldenrod primarily attracts lady beetles and tachinids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hover flies and lady beetles are examples of beneficial insects mentioned in the context of certain plants.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minute pirate bugs are a type of parasitoid insect.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The aphid wasp serves as a nursery for its young by injecting eggs into aphids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Yoarrows are known for attracting only wasps.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lady beetles are not helpful in pest management as they do not feed on pests.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Predatory mites can be used to manage spider mites in a garden.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Using a liquid insecticide is more effective at keeping residues away from non-targets than using a granular insecticide.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria can aid in managing pest populations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conservation biological control aims to harm native populations of beneficial organisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Altering pesticide use can reduce non-target impacts in pest management.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Creating naturalized areas is a strategy for enhancing conservation biological control.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pesticides play no role in an integrated pest management plan.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hover flies and wasps are beneficial insects that help manage pest populations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strictly excludes the use of all pesticides.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of insecticides like DDT prompted the formalization of IPM as a pest management philosophy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPM can be effectively integrated with weather and climate models to track pest populations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monitoring pest populations does not require record-keeping or mapping efforts.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fire blight's emergence can be predicted using specific climate parameters.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPM is often confused with organic agriculture despite being distinct concepts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prediction model tools provided by the University of Kentucky are unrelated to pest management.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of IPM, pesticides are considered the primary tool for pest control.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bio-logical control can completely eliminate a pest population.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PAMS stands for prevention, administration, monitoring, and suppression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Applying pesticides at dusk can help avoid harming non-target pollinators.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The active ingredient in a pesticide is the chemical that manages the target pest.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Resistance in pests can occur due to random mutations or natural selection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cultural methods, such as sanitation, are effective in preventing pest infestations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pesticides should only be applied to large areas without any consideration of pest presence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Avoidance in pest management refers to ignoring pest populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPM became more formalized as a philosophy of pest ______.

    <p>management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monitoring for pests includes creating records and maps of pest ______.

    <p>problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of the pesticide ______ in the mid-20th century was part of the heavy reliance on chemical controls.

    <p>DDT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some always define IPM as the avoidance of insecticides and other ______.

    <p>pesticides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fire blight has parameters for its emergence that can be tracked and ______.

    <p>predicted</p> Signup and view all the answers

    IPM is sometimes conflated with ______ agriculture.

    <p>organic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Monitoring includes the use of ______ model tools provided by institutions like the University of Kentucky.

    <p>prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Keeping track of pests on an annual basis allows for more ______ in the garden.

    <p>predictability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Specific traps can include blue or yellow sticky cards frequently used in __________.

    <p>greenhouses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bait or habitat traps may contain food or are themselves __________ for pests.

    <p>shelter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An example of a trap to capture vinegar flies is an apple-cider __________ trap.

    <p>vinegar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Predators, __________, and parasites are categories of natural enemies that can be used in pest control.

    <p>parasitoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The common image of biological control is to use a beneficial __________ against a pest.

    <p>predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some predators may specialize in feeding on specific groups of __________.

    <p>prey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pests can hide inside piles of __________ or cardboard to avoid detection.

    <p>papers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A gardener can come out in the morning and dispatch pests all in one __________.

    <p>place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pest management is best accomplished through a holistic approach called ______.

    <p>integrated pest management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insect pest populations can sometimes be monitored with ______.

    <p>traps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hand lens or magnifying glass can help to magnify ______ and symptoms for easier identification.

    <p>signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The history of IPM traces back to research done in the early ______.

    <p>1900s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Beneficial natural enemies, such as ______, help in the biological control of pests.

    <p>lady beetles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some plants can be designated as ______ plants to save time and allow for monitoring.

    <p>check</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pheromones traps are among the various types of ______ deployed to monitor pests.

    <p>traps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To confirm the problem, it may be prudent to check for pests at ______.

    <p>night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lady beetles, also known as ______, are beneficial insects that can help with pest control.

    <p>ladybugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasitoids, like the aphid wasp, ______ their eggs into a host to continue their life cycle.

    <p>inject</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary difference between parasites and ______ is that parasites typically do not kill their hosts.

    <p>parasitoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wasps are often considered ______ insects due to their role in pest management.

    <p>beneficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Plants like yarrow (Achillea spp.) and chamomile (Anthemis nobilis) attract ______ which contribute to ecological pest control.

    <p>beneficial insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Minute pirate bugs are a type of ______ that can help manage pest populations.

    <p>predator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The role of beneficial insects often includes ______ pests to prevent them from becoming a problem.

    <p>eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tachinids are a group of ______ that parasitize other insects, aiding in pest control.

    <p>wasps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Parasitic nematodes are also known as entomopathogenic ______.

    <p>nematodes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ultimate goal when using pesticides is to choose the least toxic ______.

    <p>material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biological control happens naturally without human ______.

    <p>intervention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common pesticide formulations include aerosols, dusts, granules, and ______.

    <p>wettable powders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pesticide’s formulation can dictate the way the product is ______.

    <p>applied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To reduce risk, we must consider both ______ and exposure.

    <p>hazard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biocontrol relies upon monitoring and proper pest ______.

    <p>identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Once a host has been destroyed, nematodes may burst forth from its ______.

    <p>body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

    • IPM is a balanced approach between traditional pesticide use and complete abstention from pesticides, aiming for selective pest suppression.
    • The core of IPM involves using all possible tools judiciously to suppress pest populations effectively.

    Monitoring

    • Effective monitoring is crucial for the success of an IPM strategy, allowing early detection of pest populations.
    • Regular inspections of plants for pests, focusing on flowers, leaves, fruits, and stems, facilitate timely management.
    • Different monitoring methods include using hand lenses, traps (e.g., sticky cards, pheromone traps), and night inspections for certain pests.

    Methods of Pest Management

    • IPM employs various management methods categorized as cultural, physical, mechanical, biological, and chemical.

    Cultural Methods

    • Practices like crop rotation (e.g., alternating corn and soybeans) support healthy soil and reduce pest stress.

    Physical and Mechanical Methods

    • Physical methods exclude pests by creating unsuitable conditions for them, while mechanical methods involve pest destruction or reproductive inhibition.
    • Common physical controls include using row covers to shield crops from pests, while mechanical control can involve mowing and tilling.

    Trapping and Exclusion

    • Pests can be trapped using different designs that may attract or capture them effectively.
    • Pest traps are diverse, and their effectiveness should not be underestimated despite reliance on pesticides.

    Biological Control

    • IPM utilizes natural enemies and microorganisms to manage pests, such as Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.), effective against specific insects.
    • Different strains of B.t. target various pests (e.g., B.t.kurstaki for caterpillars, B.t.israelensis for mosquito larvae).

    Chemical Control

    • Pesticides remain a popular control option due to their availability, quick action, low cost, and ease of use.
    • Risks include potential harm to applicators, non-target organisms, and the environment; resistance in pest populations may develop over time.

    Resistance Management

    • Pesticide rotation strategies are essential to prevent resistance, targeting different pest systems and modes of action.
    • Continuously monitoring pest populations helps determine the efficacy and need for further action in an integrated approach.

    Suppression Strategies

    • Should prevention tactics fail, pest populations can be suppressed through cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods.
    • Decisions on pesticide use in an IPM program should be made carefully to minimize disruption.

    PAMS Approach

    • PAMS (Preventive, Action Thresholds, Management, and Suppression) offers an alternative perspective on teaching IPM, enhancing growers' understanding and practice.

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

    • Established in the 1970s, IPM focuses on a variety of pest management tools rather than relying solely on one method.
    • Response to the overuse of pesticides like DDT in the mid-20th century, emphasizing sustainable practices.
    • Recognition that IPM is distinct from organic agriculture, with some programs allowing synthetic pesticides.
    • Effective monitoring is essential but often overlooked in pest control; it enables predictability and helps manage pest populations.

    Monitoring and Cultural Methods

    • Involves keeping detailed records and maps of pest occurrences to enhance management effectiveness.
    • Cultural management practices include modifying irrigation, fertilization, and sanitation to minimize pest damage.
    • Identifying pests is crucial for implementing specific IPM strategies; this can alleviate abiotic stress on plants.

    Pest Identification

    • Accurate identification informs targeted pest management strategies and ensures appropriate interventions.
    • Knowledge of soil pH, type, moisture retention, and growing zone aids in selecting the right plant for the environment.
    • Stressed plants are more susceptible to pest damage, making proper plant placement essential to success.

    Biological Control

    • Utilizes natural enemies of pests, including parasitoids and predators, to maintain pest populations.
    • Conservation biological control practices support beneficial organisms by creating natural habitats near agricultural areas.

    Chemical Methods

    • Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, nematodes, protozoans) serve as natural pest control agents in IPM.
    • Pesticides, including fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides, can support IPM strategies, but careful application is vital to minimize nontarget risks.
    • Awareness of pesticide resistance is crucial; resistant pests can arise due to repeated exposure to specific chemicals.

    PAMS Framework

    • PAMS (Prevention, Avoidance, Monitoring, Suppression) provides a structured approach to IPM.
    • Prevention involves methods to keep pests from becoming established, emphasizing sanitary practices and the removal of alternative hosts.
    • Avoidance strategies mitigate pest impacts through cultural practices even when pests are present.

    Beneficial Plants

    • Certain plants like Yarrow, Asteraceae, and Sweet Alyssum attract beneficial insects essential for pest control.
    • Promoting biodiversity with these plants enhances the natural pest management capacity in gardens and fields.

    Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

    • IPM emerged in the 1970s as a structured approach to pest management, combining various tools to suppress pest populations.
    • Developed in response to the harmful effects of insecticides like DDT, IPM promotes a holistic strategy rather than reliance on a single method.
    • Monitoring pests involves using weather and climate models to predict disease conditions, with resources like the University of Kentucky's prediction tools aiding growers.

    Monitoring and Record Keeping

    • Accurate monitoring includes record-keeping and mapping of pest occurrences, allowing for better predictability and management in gardens.
    • The practice of inspecting specific plants as "check plants" can streamline monitoring efforts without inspecting every plant.
    • Visual aids like a hand lens can enhance visibility of pest signs and symptoms for accurate identification.

    Pest Trapping Techniques

    • Different traps (yellow sticky cards, pheromone traps, bait traps) are employed for monitoring insect populations regularly.
    • Traps can include attractants or shelters that draw pests into one location, facilitating their capture.

    Biological Control

    • Biological control refers to leveraging natural enemies of pests to manage pest populations effectively.
    • Major categories include predators (e.g., lady beetles, hover flies), parasitoids (e.g., aphid wasps), and parasites (e.g., organisms that infest hosts without killing them).
    • Predators consume multiple prey over time, while parasitoids can effectively reduce pest populations by using hosts for reproduction.

    Natural Enemy Deployment

    • Successful biological control involves careful selection of natural enemies and understanding their roles and targets.
    • Use of environmental factors, such as shelter and conducive conditions for natural enemies, can enhance their effectiveness in pest management.

    Considerations with Pesticides

    • The goal is to choose the least toxic and most economical pesticide to manage pests effectively, keeping safety in mind.
    • All pesticides pose inherent hazards, necessitating careful planning to minimize risks associated with biological control methods.

    Cost and Application of Biological Control

    • Biological control agents may incur higher upfront costs compared to traditional pesticides, emphasizing the importance of monitoring effectiveness and timing for application.
    • Proper identification and release of biological control agents enhance their ability to combat pests during vulnerable population stages.

    Environmental and Ecological Awareness

    • Awareness of potential ecological impacts, such as non-target species affecting other wildlife, is crucial when employing pesticides.
    • Understanding pesticide formulations (aerosols, granules, powders) allows for tailored application methods that minimize environmental risks.

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    Explore the principles of Integrated Pest Management in this chapter by Jonathan L. Larson. Understand the balance between traditional pest control methods and more environmentally-friendly practices. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of pest management strategies and their implementation.

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