Insulin Secretion Stimulants and Mechanisms

Questions and Answers

What are the names of two GLP-1 analogues?

Exenatide and Liraglutide.

Identify one DPP-4 inhibitor.

Sitagliptin.

Which class of medications includes Canagliflozin?

Sodium-Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors.

What is an example of a meglitinide?

<p>Repaglinide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Insulin Secretion Stimulants

Sulfonylureas: Medications that promote insulin release from the pancreas.
- 1st Generation:
  - Chlorpropamide: Long-acting sulfonylurea; risk of hypoglycemia.
  - Tolbutamide: Shorter duration, lower risk of hypoglycemia than chlorpropamide.
- 2nd Generation:
  - Glipizide: More potent than 1st generation; minimal side effects.
  - Glyburide: More effective for long-term use; associated with weight gain.
Meglitinides: Fast-acting insulin secretagogues.
- Nateglinide: Short duration; effective post meal.
- Repaglinide: Similar mechanism; crucial for managing blood glucose spikes after meals.

GLP-1 Analogues

Exenatide: Mimics incretin hormones; enhances insulin secretion in response to meals.
Liraglutide: Long-acting; supports weight loss and improves glycemic control.
Semaglutide: Reduces appetite; found effective for type 2 diabetes management.

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors

Linagliptin: No dose adjustment needed for renal impairment; generally well-tolerated.
Saxagliptin: Effective; risk of heart failure in certain patients.
Sitagliptin: Widely used; often prescribed in combination therapies.

Sodium - Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors

Canagliflozin: Decreases renal glucose reabsorption; potential cardiovascular benefits.
Dapagliflozin: Renal protective; associated with weight loss.
Empagliflozin: Has cardiovascular and renal protection properties; aids in weight reduction.

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Acarbose: Slows carbohydrate absorption in the intestine; may cause gastrointestinal side effects.
Miglitol: Similar action to acarbose; helps lower postprandial blood glucose levels.

Amylin Analogues

Pramlintide: Complement to insulin therapy; helps control post-meal blood sugar levels and promotes satiety.

Description

This quiz covers various classes of insulin secretion stimulants including sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP-1 analogues, DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, and amylin analogues. Test your knowledge on the specific medications and their mechanisms of action. Perfect for students or professionals in the medical field.