38 Questions
Which of the actions are NOT associated with the hormone insulin?
Increases glycogenolysis
Which findings are NOT consistent with hyperglycemia?
Increased blood and urine pH
Which do NOT characterize Type I diabetes mellitus?
Insulin resistance
Which result below best indicated impaired glucose tolerance?
2 hr OGTT > 140 mg/dL but < 200 mg/dL
Which criteria are NOT used to diagnose diabetes mellitus?
FPG of > 200 mg/dL
Which statement below INCORRECTLY describe Von-Gierke disease?
Insufficient glycogen stored
Which is FALSE about glucose measurement?
Serum, plasma, urine, or whole blood can be used
Which is the preferred method to measure glycated hemoglobin?
Affinity chromatography
Persistent albuminuria
Albumin creatinine ratio of 30-300 mg/24 hour in 2 out of 3 urine collections
Which principle is involved in measuring HbA1c using cation exchange chromatography?
The negatively charged hemoglobins attached to the positively charged resin bed
Which HbA1c value translates to about 126 mg/dL of average plasma glucose?
6%
Uses G6PD in coupling reaction
Hexokinase
Ferric reduction is indicated by yellow to colorless reaction
Hagedorn Jensen
Primarily affected by increased uric and ascorbic acid
Glucose oxidase
Based on condensation with aromatic amines to Schiff bases
Ortho toluidine
Affinity chromotography is NOT affected by hemoglobin F, S, or C
True
The coupled reaction in glucose oxidase measurement is known as the Trinder's reaction.
True
Type 1 constitutes 80-90% of the majority of cases of diabetes.
False
Hypoglycemia causes brain fuel deprivation and can result to seizures even death.
True
Glucose concentration in whole blood is approximately 11% higher in plasma.
False
Horseradish peroxidase is used in hexokinase to catalyze the second reaction.
False
The glucose hexokinase method may be performed in plasma using EDTA, heparin, or citrate.
True
ADA recommends that a quarterly HbA1c test may be performed for patients not meeting treatment goals for diabetes.
True
No method can be used to determine ketones in urine or blood that react with all ketones bodies.
True
What is the best time to collect for fasting blood glucose?
Morning
Which of the enzymes for the determination of blood sugar is most specific for B-D-glucose?
Glucose oxidase
Which is used as the coupling enzyme in the Hexokinase method of glucose determination?
G6PD
Best method for measurement of blood glucose
Hexokinase
Which reagent in blood glucose measurement is used to convert a to B-D glucose
Mutarotase
Which chromogen is commonly used in Glucose oxidase method for blood glucose measurement?
Dimethylaniline
Copper reduction method of glucose measurement involves the use of BaSO4 to remove saccharoids
Nelson Somogyi
Carbohydrates to fatty acids
Lipogenesis
Breakdown of fats
Lipolysis
Glucose to glycogen storage
Glycogenesis
Non-carbohydrate source to G6P
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
Glucose to pyruvate or lactate
Glycolysis
Chain of 2-10 sugar units
Oligosaccharides
Study Notes
Hormone Insulin
- Insulin does not stimulate gluconeogenesis or glycogenolysis in the liver
- Insulin does not stimulate lipolysis in adipose tissue
Hyperglycemia
- Hyperglycemia is not characterized by increased insulin secretion
- Hyperglycemia is not consistent with decreased glucagon secretion
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
- Type I diabetes mellitus is not characterized by insulin resistance
- Type I diabetes mellitus is not characterized by obesity
Impaired Glucose Tolerance
- A 2-hour plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL indicates impaired glucose tolerance
Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetes mellitus is not diagnosed using a random plasma glucose level
- Diabetes mellitus is not diagnosed using a single plasma glucose level
Von-Gierke Disease
- Von-Gierke disease is not characterized by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase
- Von-Gierke disease is not characterized by an absence of glycogen storage disease
Glucose Measurement
- Glucose measurement is not performed using a direct electrode method
- Glucose measurement is not preferred using the hexokinase method
- Glucose measurement is preferred using the glucose oxidase method
HbA1c Measurement
- HbA1c measurement is based on the principle of cation exchange chromatography
- HbA1c value of 6% translates to an average plasma glucose of approximately 126 mg/dL
- HbA1c measurement is not affected by hemoglobin F, S, or C
Affinity Chromatography
- Affinity chromatography is not affected by hemoglobin F, S, or C
- Affinity chromatography is used in the measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
Enzymes
- Glucose oxidase is used in the glucose oxidase method of glucose determination
- Horseradish peroxidase is used in the hexokinase method to catalyze the second reaction
- Mutarotase is used in blood glucose measurement to convert α-D glucose to β-D glucose
Diabetes Management
- The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends quarterly HbA1c testing for patients not meeting treatment goals
- Hypoglycemia can cause brain fuel deprivation and result in seizures or even death
- Glucose concentration in whole blood is approximately 11% lower than in plasma
Ketone Determination
- No single method can be used to determine ketones in urine or blood that react with all ketone bodies
Test your knowledge about the hormone insulin and its role in the human body. Identify the correct actions associated with insulin and what it does not do. Learn about insulin's importance in glucose regulation and more.
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