Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Quiz

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What is the primary function of the pancreas?

Aiding in lung function

Producing red blood cells

Regulating blood pressure

Releasing digestive enzymes and hormones (correct)

Which type of cells in the pancreas produce insulin?

Delta cells

Beta cells (correct)

Alpha cells

F or PP cells

What is the main component of the pancreas responsible for aiding digestion?

Beta cells

Alpha cells

Endocrine tissue

Exocrine tissue (correct)

Which cell type in the pancreas produces somatostatin?

Delta cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the pancreas?

6 inches Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue found in the pancreas produces important hormones?

Endocrine tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine cells in the pancreas?

Produce important hormones Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the pancreas is composed of exocrine tissue?

~95% Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the exocrine pancreas?

Secreting digestive enzymes into the pancreatic duct Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of glucagon?

Opposite function of stimulating the liver to release glucose when necessary Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone controls the amount of glucose in the blood?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal range of blood glucose levels in healthy people?

70 to 110 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What happens when there is excess glucose in the blood?

Insulin stimulates cells to absorb enough glucose for energy needs Signup and view all the answers

How is blood sugar regulated normally?

By breaking down food into glucose for energy use Signup and view all the answers

What is the main source of energy for most cells, tissues, and organs in the body?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus to be absolutely dependent on exogenously administered insulin for survival?

Decreased insulin production Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1 diabetes mellitus in terms of insulin production?

Type 2 diabetes involves relative insulin deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk for women with gestational diabetes regarding their future health?

Increased risk of developing obesity Signup and view all the answers

What can excess glucose in the fetus due to gestational diabetes lead to?

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) in the baby Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary symptoms of diabetes mellitus?

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication for babies of mothers with untreated gestational diabetes?

High birth weight (macrosomia) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for insulin secretion being sufficient to prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) under basal conditions?

High insulin sensitivity in body cells Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Type 1 diabetes mellitus from Type 2 diabetes mellitus in terms of age of onset?

Type 1 diabetes has an onset age < 30 years Signup and view all the answers

What is the fasting plasma glucose level for diagnosing diabetes mellitus?

Greater than or equal to 126mg/dl Signup and view all the answers

What does the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) check?

Blood sugar level before and after drinking a special sweet drink Signup and view all the answers

What does the A1C test indicate?

The percentage of blood sugar attached to hemoglobin Signup and view all the answers

What is the A1C level indicating diabetes mellitus?

6.5 % or above Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of exercise for diabetes mellitus patients?

Improves serum lipid level Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is associated with autonomic dysfunction in hypoglycemia?

Irritability Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of hypoglycemia?

Missing meal or too little food Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for severe hypoglycemia in a comatose patient?

Intravenous hypertonic glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which diabetic complication may lead to renal failure?

Nephropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of diabetic foot?

Diabetic neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels without ketones in the urine?

Non-ketotic hyperosmolar syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What type of diabetes-related foot problem is caused by poor blood flow in the arms and legs?

Peripheral vascular disease Signup and view all the answers

Which oral complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus is commonly associated with a fungal infection?

Oral candidiasis Signup and view all the answers

What may occur as a result of poor blood flow in the skin of the leg or foot due to diabetes?

Gangrene Signup and view all the answers

Which complication of diabetes can cause life-threatening dehydration and a diabetic coma if left untreated?

Diabetic hyperosmolar syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by numbness and tingling sensation of the legs and feet due to uncontrolled diabetes?