Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the structure of insulin?
What is the structure of insulin?
- Two α-subunits and two β-subunits linked covalently by disulfide bonds
- An A chain and a B chain connected by two disulfide bonds (correct)
- A single polypeptide chain
- Two A chains and one B chain
What is the mechanism of insulin action?
What is the mechanism of insulin action?
- Binds to specific high-affinity receptors on the plasma membrane (correct)
- Increases sodium retention in the kidneys
- It binds to nucleic acids in the cytoplasm
- Recruits GLUT2 transport proteins to the plasma membrane
What is the role of the β-subunits of insulin receptors?
What is the role of the β-subunits of insulin receptors?
- Activation of tyrosine kinase activity (correct)
- Translocation of GLUT4 transport proteins
- Inhibition of insulin signaling pathways
- Binding sites for insulin
How are insulin receptors structured?
How are insulin receptors structured?
Which proteins are recruited by insulin to mediate glucose transport?
Which proteins are recruited by insulin to mediate glucose transport?
What is the primary effect of metformin in treating diabetes?
What is the primary effect of metformin in treating diabetes?
How do clinicians usually classify metformin in terms of its effect on weight?
How do clinicians usually classify metformin in terms of its effect on weight?
What is metformin primarily referred to as in the text?
What is metformin primarily referred to as in the text?
Which transporters are involved in the absorption of metformin into hepatocytes from the portal vein?
Which transporters are involved in the absorption of metformin into hepatocytes from the portal vein?
What effect does metformin have on mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1?
What effect does metformin have on mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1?
In what way is the efficacy of metformin compared with oral sulfonylureas?
In what way is the efficacy of metformin compared with oral sulfonylureas?
What is the role of the PIP3 kinase pathway in cellular function?
What is the role of the PIP3 kinase pathway in cellular function?
How does the modulation of mRNA transcription by insulin contribute to cellular function?
How does the modulation of mRNA transcription by insulin contribute to cellular function?
What is one way insulin affects cellular signaling pathways?
What is one way insulin affects cellular signaling pathways?
Which is NOT a type of insulin among those mentioned?
Which is NOT a type of insulin among those mentioned?
Insulin-mediated gene expression mainly involves genes related to _____
Insulin-mediated gene expression mainly involves genes related to _____
What is the primary function of the MAP kinase pathway in response to insulin?
What is the primary function of the MAP kinase pathway in response to insulin?
What is the goal of therapy in diabetics?
What is the goal of therapy in diabetics?
What is a distinctive characteristic of sulfonylureas?
What is a distinctive characteristic of sulfonylureas?
How do sulfonylureas primarily stimulate insulin release?
How do sulfonylureas primarily stimulate insulin release?
What caused some patients to die in the early 1940s when treated with sulfa drugs for typhoid fever?
What caused some patients to die in the early 1940s when treated with sulfa drugs for typhoid fever?
Why were sulfonylureas not initially considered for treating diabetes?
Why were sulfonylureas not initially considered for treating diabetes?
Which drug class binds to a receptor associated with KATP channels in the pancreatic β-cell membrane?
Which drug class binds to a receptor associated with KATP channels in the pancreatic β-cell membrane?
Which Sulfonylurea drug has an extended length of action available in 5 or 10 mg once a day dose?
Which Sulfonylurea drug has an extended length of action available in 5 or 10 mg once a day dose?
What is the primary reason for increased therapeutic effects and elevated risk of hypoglycemia in patients with reduced kidney function taking glyburide?
What is the primary reason for increased therapeutic effects and elevated risk of hypoglycemia in patients with reduced kidney function taking glyburide?
Which sulfonylurea drug undergoes liver metabolism to weakly active metabolites, which do not substantially contribute to the overall HbA1c lowering effects?
Which sulfonylurea drug undergoes liver metabolism to weakly active metabolites, which do not substantially contribute to the overall HbA1c lowering effects?
What is the primary difference in the action duration between Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides?
What is the primary difference in the action duration between Sulfonylureas and Meglitinides?
Which Sulfonylurea drug has an active metabolite with 33% activity compared to the drug itself?
Which Sulfonylurea drug has an active metabolite with 33% activity compared to the drug itself?
Why might the 2nd generation agents lead to more troublesome overdoses compared to other antidiabetic drugs?
Why might the 2nd generation agents lead to more troublesome overdoses compared to other antidiabetic drugs?
