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Insulin Actions and Regulation

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the liver reduces the hyperglycemic effect of a high-carbohydrate meal?

By releasing insulin into the bloodstream

By stimulating the β-cells of the pancreas to secrete glucagon

By extracting relatively more glucose from the portal plasma than in the fasting state (correct)

By increasing the breakdown of glycogen into glucose

What is the threshold plasma glucose concentration that stimulates insulin release from the pancreas β-cell?

5 mmol/L (correct)

10 mmol/L

7 mmol/L

3 mmol/L

What is the effect of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue cells?

It inhibits the uptake of glucose into these cells

It enhances the entry of glucose into these cells (correct)

It has no effect on glucose uptake in these cells

It stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in these cells

What is the primary function of glucagon in carbohydrate metabolism?

To stimulate the breakdown of glycogen into glucose Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of insulin on glycogen synthesis?

It stimulates glycogen synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon in carbohydrate metabolism?

The actions of insulin and glucagon are counter-regulatory Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on lipogenesis?

It stimulates lipogenesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the glucose transporter 2 in insulin release?

It stimulates insulin release Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of glucose in the fasting state?

Glycogenolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on protein synthesis?

It stimulates protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers