Instruction Set Data Movement Instructions

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Questions and Answers

What are the different paths along which data can be transferred using the MOV instruction?

To a register from memory, to memory from a register, between general registers, immediate data to a register, immediate data to memory.

What is the purpose of the MOV instruction?

Transferring a byte, word, or doubleword from the source operand to the destination operand.

Can the MOV instruction move data from memory to memory?

No.

What are the three types of data movement instructions mentioned in the text?

<ol> <li>General-purpose data movement instructions, 2. Stack manipulation instructions, 3. Type-conversion instructions.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main functions of the general-purpose data movement instructions?

Transferring bytes, words, or doublewords between memory and processor registers. Signup and view all the answers

What is an immediate operand in assembly language?

An operand that uses data from the instruction itself. Signup and view all the answers

List three types of operand groups for explicit two-operand instructions.

Register to register, Register to memory, Memory to register Signup and view all the answers

Which general registers can operands be located in for 32-bit data?

EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, ESP, EBP Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of an immediate operand in a practical instruction.

SHR PATTERN, 2 Signup and view all the answers

What is required when instructions have explicit operands in memory?

Reference to the segment containing the operand and the offset from the beginning of the segment. Signup and view all the answers

Name the 16-bit general registers where operands can be located.

AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, SP, BP Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'register to register' signify in explicit two-operand instructions?

Data transfer between two registers directly. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of 'register to memory' in explicit two-operand instructions.

Transferring data from a register to a memory location. Signup and view all the answers

Why is referencing the segment and offset important for memory operands?

To determine the exact location of the operand in memory. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of 8-bit general registers for holding data?

AH, BH, CH, DH, AL, BL, CL, DL Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Instruction Set Data Movement Instructions

General-purpose data movement instructions:
- MOV instruction transfers a byte, word, or doubleword between memory and processor registers or between registers
- MOV instruction cannot move data from memory to memory or from a segment register to a segment register
Stack manipulation instructions
Type-conversion instructions

Microprocessor Overview

Microprocessor: program-controlled semiconductor device (IC) that fetches, decodes, and executes instructions
Used as CPU (Central Processing Unit) in computers

Microprocessor Generations

First Generation (1971-1973): PMOS technology, non-compatible with TTL, 4-bit processors, 16 pins
Second Generation (1973): NMOS technology, faster speed, higher density, compatible with TTL, 4/8/16-bit processors, 40 pins
Third Generation (1978): HMOS technology, faster speed, higher packing density, 16-bit processors, 40/48/64 pins, easier to program
Fourth Generation (1980s): Low power version of HMOS technology, 32-bit processors, physical memory space 224 bytes = 16 Mb, virtual memory space 240 bytes = 1 Tb
Fifth Generation: Pentium

Function Blocks of Microprocessor

Computational Unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logic operations
Flag Register: stores status bits (flags) of the results
Timing and Control Unit: generates control signals for internal and external operations
Instruction Decoding Unit: decodes instructions, sends information to the timing and control unit
Register Array or Internal Memory
Data Bus: generates the address of the instructions to be fetched from memory and sends it through the address bus to the memory
Address Bus: sends the address of the instructions to be fetched from memory
Control Bus: generates control signals for internal and external operations of the microprocessor

8086 Microprocessor

First 16-bit processor
Released in 1978 by Intel
Manufactured using HMOS III technique
Approximately 29,000 transistors, 40-pin DIP, 5V supply
Does not have an internal clock; external asymmetric clock source with 33% duty cycle
20-bit address to access memory, can address up to 220 = 1 megabyte of memory space

80386 Microprocessor

32-bit microprocessor
32-bit ALU
32-bit data bus
32-bit address bus
32-bit registers
Can address 4GB of primary memory and 64TB of virtual memory
Paging unit converts linear addresses into physical addresses
Bus Interface Unit: provides a full 32-bit bi-directional data and 32-bit address bus
Instruction Prefetch Unit: fetches instructions from memory
Instruction Predecode Unit: translates instructions into microcode

Data Types

Bytes: 8 bits, numbered 0-7, bit 0 being the least significant bit (LSB)
Words: 16 bits, occupying two consecutive addresses
Doublewords: 32 bits
Unpacked decimal numbers: stored as unsigned byte quantities, one digit per byte
Packed BCD: a byte (packed) representation of two decimal digits, each in the range 0-9, one digit per half-byte

Registers

16 registers in the 386 DX microprocessor
4 general-purpose registers: free for use by the programmer
6 segment registers: hold segment selectors associated with different forms of memory access
4 status and control registers: report and allow modification of the state of the 386 DX microprocessor
32-bit registers can be used as 16-bit or 8-bit registers

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Description

Learn about the general-purpose data movement instructions in computer architecture. This quiz covers MOV instruction for transferring bytes, words, or doublewords between memory and processor registers.