15 Questions
What are the different paths along which data can be transferred using the MOV instruction?
To a register from memory, to memory from a register, between general registers, immediate data to a register, immediate data to memory.
What is the purpose of the MOV instruction?
Transferring a byte, word, or doubleword from the source operand to the destination operand.
Can the MOV instruction move data from memory to memory?
No.
What are the three types of data movement instructions mentioned in the text?
- General-purpose data movement instructions, 2. Stack manipulation instructions, 3. Type-conversion instructions.
What are the main functions of the general-purpose data movement instructions?
Transferring bytes, words, or doublewords between memory and processor registers.
What is an immediate operand in assembly language?
An operand that uses data from the instruction itself.
List three types of operand groups for explicit two-operand instructions.
Register to register, Register to memory, Memory to register
Which general registers can operands be located in for 32-bit data?
EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, ESP, EBP
Give an example of an immediate operand in a practical instruction.
SHR PATTERN, 2
What is required when instructions have explicit operands in memory?
Reference to the segment containing the operand and the offset from the beginning of the segment.
Name the 16-bit general registers where operands can be located.
AX, BX, CX, DX, SI, DI, SP, BP
What does the term 'register to register' signify in explicit two-operand instructions?
Data transfer between two registers directly.
Explain the concept of 'register to memory' in explicit two-operand instructions.
Transferring data from a register to a memory location.
Why is referencing the segment and offset important for memory operands?
To determine the exact location of the operand in memory.
What are some examples of 8-bit general registers for holding data?
AH, BH, CH, DH, AL, BL, CL, DL
Study Notes
Instruction Set Data Movement Instructions
- General-purpose data movement instructions:
- MOV instruction transfers a byte, word, or doubleword between memory and processor registers or between registers
- MOV instruction cannot move data from memory to memory or from a segment register to a segment register
- Stack manipulation instructions
- Type-conversion instructions
Microprocessor Overview
- Microprocessor: program-controlled semiconductor device (IC) that fetches, decodes, and executes instructions
- Used as CPU (Central Processing Unit) in computers
Microprocessor Generations
- First Generation (1971-1973): PMOS technology, non-compatible with TTL, 4-bit processors, 16 pins
- Second Generation (1973): NMOS technology, faster speed, higher density, compatible with TTL, 4/8/16-bit processors, 40 pins
- Third Generation (1978): HMOS technology, faster speed, higher packing density, 16-bit processors, 40/48/64 pins, easier to program
- Fourth Generation (1980s): Low power version of HMOS technology, 32-bit processors, physical memory space 224 bytes = 16 Mb, virtual memory space 240 bytes = 1 Tb
- Fifth Generation: Pentium
Function Blocks of Microprocessor
- Computational Unit (ALU): performs arithmetic and logic operations
- Flag Register: stores status bits (flags) of the results
- Timing and Control Unit: generates control signals for internal and external operations
- Instruction Decoding Unit: decodes instructions, sends information to the timing and control unit
- Register Array or Internal Memory
- Data Bus: generates the address of the instructions to be fetched from memory and sends it through the address bus to the memory
- Address Bus: sends the address of the instructions to be fetched from memory
- Control Bus: generates control signals for internal and external operations of the microprocessor
8086 Microprocessor
- First 16-bit processor
- Released in 1978 by Intel
- Manufactured using HMOS III technique
- Approximately 29,000 transistors, 40-pin DIP, 5V supply
- Does not have an internal clock; external asymmetric clock source with 33% duty cycle
- 20-bit address to access memory, can address up to 220 = 1 megabyte of memory space
80386 Microprocessor
- 32-bit microprocessor
- 32-bit ALU
- 32-bit data bus
- 32-bit address bus
- 32-bit registers
- Can address 4GB of primary memory and 64TB of virtual memory
- Paging unit converts linear addresses into physical addresses
- Bus Interface Unit: provides a full 32-bit bi-directional data and 32-bit address bus
- Instruction Prefetch Unit: fetches instructions from memory
- Instruction Predecode Unit: translates instructions into microcode
Data Types
- Bytes: 8 bits, numbered 0-7, bit 0 being the least significant bit (LSB)
- Words: 16 bits, occupying two consecutive addresses
- Doublewords: 32 bits
- Unpacked decimal numbers: stored as unsigned byte quantities, one digit per byte
- Packed BCD: a byte (packed) representation of two decimal digits, each in the range 0-9, one digit per half-byte
Registers
- 16 registers in the 386 DX microprocessor
- 4 general-purpose registers: free for use by the programmer
- 6 segment registers: hold segment selectors associated with different forms of memory access
- 4 status and control registers: report and allow modification of the state of the 386 DX microprocessor
- 32-bit registers can be used as 16-bit or 8-bit registers
Learn about the general-purpose data movement instructions in computer architecture. This quiz covers MOV instruction for transferring bytes, words, or doublewords between memory and processor registers.
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