Institutions and Law Quiz

Focused on women's suffrage, legal rights, and social reforms, aiming to achieve basic rights like voting, property ownership, and equal access to education.

Challenged social and cultural inequalities, focusing on reproductive rights, workplace equality, and dismantling traditional gender roles. Aimed to address issues like access to contraception, discrimination, and sexual harassment.

Emphasizes intersectionality, acknowledging that women experience oppression in various ways based on race, class, and other factors. It also includes advocacy for LGBTQ+ rights and critiques mainstream feminism for not representing all women's voices.

An ancient Babylonian legal code known for its principle of "an eye for an eye," meaning punishments should match the severity of the crime.

A Chinese philosophy emphasizing moral and social order, focusing on ethics, morality, and the importance of social harmony.

The legal system of the medieval period, where laws were linked to the feudal structure of lords and vassals. Lords granted land to vassals in exchange for loyalty and military service.

A historical document signed in 1215 by King John of England, limiting the power of the monarchy and establishing certain legal rights. It's considered an early step towards constitutional law.

A branch of law that establishes and defines the structure and powers of government. It also sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens.

Treaty ending the Thirty Years' War in Europe. It established the principle of national sovereignty, where each state has full control over its territory and domestic affairs.

Issued by King George III after the British victory over France. It recognized Indigenous rights to land and set the framework for treaties between the British and Indigenous peoples.

Protected French Canadians' rights, including their language and religion (Roman Catholicism) after British rule.

Divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (English-speaking, Ontario) and Lower Canada (French-speaking, Quebec). Each had its own legislature and legal system.

Merged Upper Canada and Lower Canada into one entity, the Province of Canada, with a single legislature.

Created the legal foundation of Canada as a federation, establishing the Dominion of Canada.

Canada's first comprehensive criminal code, defining most criminal offenses.

Granted Canada full control over its domestic and foreign affairs, making it a self-governing dominion.

Canadian law is derived from various sources, including legislation created by Parliament and provinces, judicial decisions that set precedents, long-standing traditions, and authoritative legal writings.

Statutes are laws created by elected bodies like Parliament or provincial legislatures. They reflect parliamentary supremacy, meaning statutes take precedence over other types of law.

Case law is based on judicial decisions that create legal precedents. It is dynamic and evolves as new cases and judgments shape the law.

Precedent is a legal principle where past judicial decisions serve as authoritative guidance for judges in resolving similar legal issues.

The legislature makes and changes laws, the executive enforces and administers laws, and the judiciary interprets and applies laws through courts.

A bill goes through stages including introduction, debate, committee review, and final approval before potentially being reviewed by the Senate.

Custom refers to long-standing practices that have become law, reflecting influences from British legal traditions.

Books of authority are legal texts written by scholars, often cited in court as authoritative references.

Specific procedures outlined in a constitution that determine how amendments can be made, ensuring changes to the fundamental legal framework of a country follow a structured process requiring higher consensus than ordinary legislation.

This section establishes the general procedure for amending the Constitution, requiring approval from both the federal Parliament and a specific number of provinces.

Identifies certain parts of the Constitution that require a more stringent amendment process, often requiring approval from all provinces, such as provisions protecting the Queen, Parliament, and minority rights.

Allows for amendments to provisions related to the distribution of powers between federal and provincial governments, representation in Parliament, and specific provincial rights.

A specific amendment formula requiring approval from at least 7 provinces representing at least 50% of Canada's population.

This section outlines the powers of the federal government, including exclusive authority over criminal law.

This section outlines the powers of the provincial governments, including healthcare, education, and property rights.

A constitution is the supreme law of a country, establishing the basic principles and framework for its government, legal system, and society.

A social contract refers to the agreement between individuals and the government, where people give up some freedoms in exchange for order and protection by the government.

Constitutions serve several functions, including establishing fundamental principles, structuring the government, defining rights, and limiting government power.

Constitutions 'constitute' societies by creating the framework for how they function, ensuring a shared understanding of laws, rights, and the distribution of power.

The length of a constitution can influence its complexity and detail, with shorter constitutions often focusing on general principles and longer ones offering more specific regulations.

A written constitution is formally documented, outlining the government structure, rights, and laws in a written document.

An unwritten constitution is based on precedents, customs, and historical conventions, rather than a single written document.

Written constitutions provide clear and accessible rules, ensuring accountability and promoting stability.

Canada has a hierarchical court system with different levels, starting with provincial courts and moving up to the Supreme Court of Canada.

Supreme Court of the Provinces and territories represent the highest level, handling serious criminal cases, major civil disputes, and appeals from lower courts.

The Trial Division is the main working part of the superior court, dealing with serious criminal cases, lawsuits with high financial value, and appeals from lower courts.

The Appeal Division examines decisions made by the Trial Division and ensures the law was applied correctly.

This court handles disputes involving the federal government, such as intellectual property, citizenship, and immigration issues.

The highest court in Canada, it makes the final decisions on legal matters, including constitutional issues.

Canadian courts are designed to have two sides, the prosecution and the defense, present their arguments, with a judge or jury deciding on the outcome.

In some cases, citizens are selected randomly to form a jury and decide the outcome of a trial, ensuring that common people participate in the justice system.