Institutional Client Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is primarily focused on by institutional investment management firms?

  • Trading for speculative purposes
  • Managing individual client portfolios
  • Providing personal financial advice to retail clients
  • Managing investments for institutional clients (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a channel through which institutional investment managers offer their services?

  • Segregated accounts
  • Pooled investment funds
  • Real estate funds (correct)
  • Limited partnerships

What is one role of investment dealers in the context of institutional investment management?

  • Creating new regulatory frameworks
  • Providing direct advisory services to corporations
  • Offering personalized investment plans to individuals
  • Buying and selling securities on behalf of their clients (correct)

What significant change has influenced the relationship between institutional investment managers and investment dealers in recent years?

<p>Advancements in electronic trading technology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did portfolio managers traditionally communicate security transaction orders before electronic trading became widespread?

<p>Verbally to the institutional sales staff (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of a buy-side trader?

<p>To execute trades at the best prices available in the market. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which market conditions might traders feel the need to shop around for the best price?

<p>Volatile or less liquid markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for selecting a sell-side broker?

<p>Critical industry analysis reports. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does transaction cost analysis (TCA) primarily evaluate?

<p>Explicit and implicit costs of trading. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is emphasized when evaluating relationships between trading professionals?

<p>Established mutual trust. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which staff member acts as the relationship manager between the institutional client and the dealer?

<p>Institutional equity sales staff (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of program trading?

<p>To exploit price discrepancies between stocks and derivatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes equity structured finance?

<p>It creates derivatives that provide specific risk and reward combinations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of traders specialize in offering a constant two-sided market for securities?

<p>Market makers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many institutional equity investors prefer derivatives over cash equities?

<p>Derivatives offer a more flexible exposure to equity markets. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the primary difference between buy side and sell side firms?

<p>Buy side firms typically trade their own capital, while sell side firms primarily facilitate trades for clients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role primarily involves providing analysis and research services to institutional clients?

<p>Research associate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a prime brokerage?

<p>To offer a suite of services to hedge funds and institutional clients, including financing and trade execution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of trading environment is specifically characterized by the use of advanced algorithms and frequent order execution?

<p>High frequency trading (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following terms is associated with investment dealers who specifically deal with large institutional clients?

<p>Institutional salesperson (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Agency Traders

Individuals or firms that act on behalf of their clients to buy and sell securities.

Market Makers

Individuals or firms that create liquidity in the market by quoting bid and ask prices for securities.

Buy Side

The institutions and individuals that invest money on behalf of others.

Sell Side

The individuals and firms that sell securities to the buy side.

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Investment Bankers

A group of securities that are bundled together and offered to investors.

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Investment Management Firm

A firm that manages investments for institutional clients like pension funds, endowments, and large trusts.

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Institutional Investment Management Channels

Investment managers may offer their services through different channels to suit various institutional investors. These channels include pooled funds, segregated accounts, and limited partnerships.

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Investment Dealer

Firms that buy and sell securities for their own account or on behalf of clients. They represent the seller's side of the market but can also be a buyer in some situations.

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Direct Electronic Access (DEA)

The ability for institutional clients to directly access electronic trading platforms provided by investment dealers, allowing for faster and cheaper trading.

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Traditional Institutional Order Placement

Before direct electronic access, institutional investors placed orders manually through registered investment dealers. This involved communication between portfolio managers and sales staff, creating a chain of relationships.

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What is an axe sheet?

A list of financial products a trader wants to buy or sell quickly. It helps them act fast on market opportunities.

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What is the primary goal of a buy-side trader?

The buy-side trader's goal is to get the best possible price for a portfolio manager's trades, benefiting the portfolio's overall performance.

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How do traders ensure best execution?

Buy-side traders contact several brokers to compare prices, aiming for the best deal. This is common in volatile or illiquid markets.

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What are key criteria for choosing a sell-side broker?

Factors like strong relationships with traders, speed of execution, research quality, and access to market experts are essential for a buy-side trader's success.

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What is Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA)?

Transaction Cost Analysis (TCA) considers both explicit costs, like trading fees, and implicit costs, like price differences, when choosing a broker.

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What are equity trading services for institutional investors?

Equity trading services provided to institutional clients by a team of specialists. Services include executing trades, managing trading capital, and facilitating transactions.

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What is program trading?

A complex trading strategy using computers to simultaneously execute multiple orders involving both stocks and derivatives. It seeks to capitalize on temporary price discrepancies between a group of stocks and their associated index.

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What is equity structured finance?

A specialized field dealing with the creation of customized financial products for institutional investors. These products combine unique risk and reward profiles and often utilize principles of program trading.

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What are options?

These are contracts that give the holder the right but not the obligation to buy or sell a specific underlying asset at a predetermined price on or before a specific date.

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What are futures?

These are standardized contracts for the future purchase or sale of an asset at a predetermined price on a specific date.

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Study Notes

Institutional Client Overview

  • Institutional clients are sophisticated investors like mutual funds, pension funds, and corporate treasuries
  • Sell-side firms facilitate trading for institutional clients
  • Buy-side firms manage investments (funds, etc.) for institutional clients
  • Institutions often have large accounts, requiring specialized services and potentially lower fees

Learning Objectives

  • Distinguish between sell-side and buy-side roles in the institutional market
  • Identify buy-side portfolio manager and buy-side trader responsibilities
  • Understand sell-side roles (back, middle, front office) relevant to equity sales and trading
  • Describe the revenue sources of equity and fixed-income trading desks on the sell-side
  • Explain institutional settlement processes
  • Define the roles and responsibilities within an institutional investment dealer
  • Distinguish between buy-side investment management styles
  • Define algorithmic trading, high-frequency trading, and dark pools

Content Areas

  • Sell-Side and Buy-Side of the Market
  • Responsibilities of Buy-Side Portfolio Manager and Trader
  • Organizational Structure of a Sell-Side Trading Firm
  • Institutional Clearing and Settlement
  • Roles and Responsibilities in the Institutional Market
  • Investment Styles, Guidelines, and Restrictions
  • Algorithmic Trading

Key Terms

  • Agency traders
  • Algorithmic trading
  • Analyst
  • Axe sheets
  • Buy-side
  • Clearing
  • Coverage traders
  • Dark pools
  • Direct electronic access (DEA)
  • High-frequency trading (HFT)
  • Institutional clients
  • Institutional salesperson
  • Institutional trader
  • Investment bankers
  • Liability traders
  • Market makers
  • Order flow
  • Origination
  • Price spread
  • Prime brokerage
  • Proprietary traders
  • Research associate
  • Responsible designated trader
  • Sell-side
  • Settlement
  • Soft-dollar arrangement
  • Straight-through processing (STP)
  • Trade-matching elements
  • Universal Market Integrity Rules

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