Insomnia Disorder Overview

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep, despite having ample opportunity to do so. It can also involve waking up too early and not being able to fall back asleep. This condition has been recognized since ancient times, with descriptions of insomnia appearing in medical texts of the Roman Empire.

Insomnia disorder can be primary, meaning that it is not due to any other disorder, or secondary, meaning that it is due to another disorder or substance use, such as sleep apnea, anxiety, depression, or the use of certain medications. Primary insomnia is generally considered to be less severe than secondary insomnia.

The diagnosis of insomnia disorder is made by excluding other sleep disorders and by ensuring that the patient's symptoms are not due to other conditions, such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse. Treatment may include lifestyle changes, such as avoiding caffeine and alcohol, practicing relaxation techniques, and maintaining a consistent sleep schedule.

Insomnia disorder can have significant negative impacts on a person's quality of life and overall health. It can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression, and can impair cognitive function and productivity. Chronic insomnia disorder, which refers to insomnia lasting more than three months, has been linked to an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Additionally, sleep deprivation has been associated with a weakened immune system and an increased risk of various diseases, including obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke.