Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the effect of IR radiation on plants in the presence of water vapour?
What is the effect of IR radiation on plants in the presence of water vapour?
Which part of the solar radiation spectrum has a direct influence on all plant parts?
Which part of the solar radiation spectrum has a direct influence on all plant parts?
At what stage of plant growth is radiation intensity most critical for Maize?
At what stage of plant growth is radiation intensity most critical for Maize?
What is the formula to represent the radiation balance?
What is the formula to represent the radiation balance?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the body that completely absorbs all the heat radiation falling on it without reflecting or transmitting any of it?
What is the term for the body that completely absorbs all the heat radiation falling on it without reflecting or transmitting any of it?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the ratio of the emissivity of a body to the emissivity of a blackbody?
What is the term for the ratio of the emissivity of a body to the emissivity of a blackbody?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the difference between total incoming and outgoing radiations at the Earth's surface and top of the atmosphere?
What is the term used to describe the difference between total incoming and outgoing radiations at the Earth's surface and top of the atmosphere?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which heat is transferred into or out of the soil?
What is the process by which heat is transferred into or out of the soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the flow of heat between the surface and air near the surface?
What is the term used to describe the flow of heat between the surface and air near the surface?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process by which water is transferred from the surface to the air through evaporation?
What is the process by which water is transferred from the surface to the air through evaporation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the flow of heat to and from the surface through the process of evaporation or condensation?
What is the term used to describe the flow of heat to and from the surface through the process of evaporation or condensation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term used to describe the flux or flow of heat into or out of the soil?
What is the term used to describe the flux or flow of heat into or out of the soil?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the radiant flux density emitted by a source?
What is the term for the radiant flux density emitted by a source?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun?
What is the shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun?
Signup and view all the answers
How far is the Earth from the Sun on average?
How far is the Earth from the Sun on average?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the day with the longest period of daylight?
What is the term for the day with the longest period of daylight?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of radiation is chemically very active and detrimental to plants?
What type of radiation is chemically very active and detrimental to plants?
Signup and view all the answers
What prevents cosmic, gamma, and X-rays from reaching the Earth's surface?
What prevents cosmic, gamma, and X-rays from reaching the Earth's surface?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the total amount of incoming solar radiation received on a unit area of a horizontal surface in unit time?
What is the total amount of incoming solar radiation received on a unit area of a horizontal surface in unit time?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the solar constant dependent on?
What is the solar constant dependent on?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the unit of solar constant?
What is the unit of solar constant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of transfer of heat energy from warmer to cooler?
What is the process of transfer of heat energy from warmer to cooler?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of radiation do heavenly bodies emit?
What type of radiation do heavenly bodies emit?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the radiant flux divided by the area across which the radiation is transmitted?
What is the radiant flux divided by the area across which the radiation is transmitted?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary cause of the blue colour of the sky?
What is the primary cause of the blue colour of the sky?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of heat required for evaporation?
What is the term for the process of heat required for evaporation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed by water vapour, dust, and O3?
What is the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is absorbed by water vapour, dust, and O3?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the term for the process of heat released during condensation?
What is the term for the process of heat released during condensation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the type of scattering that occurs when the circumference of the scattering particle is less than 1/10th of the wavelength of the incident radiation?
What is the type of scattering that occurs when the circumference of the scattering particle is less than 1/10th of the wavelength of the incident radiation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by the surface?
What is the percentage of incoming solar radiation that is reflected by the surface?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Effects of IR Radiation and Plant Growth
- Infrared (IR) radiation enhances plant growth in water vapor environments by promoting photosynthesis and transpiration.
- Photosynthesis and evaporation rates increase, particularly in humid conditions.
Solar Radiation Spectrum and Plants
- Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) directly influences all plant parts, facilitating energy conversion processes.
Critical Radiation Stages for Maize
- Radiation intensity is most crucial during the vegetative and early reproductive stages of maize growth.
Radiation Balance
- The formula for radiation balance is: Incoming Solar Radiation - Outgoing Radiation = Net Radiation.
Heat Absorption Terms
- A body that absorbs all heat radiation without reflecting or transmitting is termed a blackbody.
- The ratio of a body's emissivity to a blackbody's emissivity is known as relative emissivity.
Radiation Difference Term
- The difference between total incoming and outgoing radiations at Earth’s surface and the top of the atmosphere is termed radiative forcing.
Heat Transfer Processes
- Heat transfer to or from soil is described as soil heat flux.
- The flow of heat between the surface and the surrounding air is referred to as latent heat transfer.
Water Transfer Process
- Water transfer from the surface to the air occurs through evaporation.
Surface Heat Flux
- The flow of heat via evaporation or condensation processes is known as sensible heat flux.
- The term for the heat flux into or out of the soil is soil heat flux density.
Radiant Flux Density
- Radiant flux density emitted by a source is defined as irradiance.
Earth’s Solar Orbit and Distance
- Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical.
- The average distance from the Earth to the Sun is approximately 93 million miles or 150 million kilometers.
Daylight and Solar Radiation
- The summer solstice marks the day with the longest daylight period.
- Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is chemically very active and can be detrimental to plant health.
Protection from Harmful Radiations
- The atmosphere protects Earth from cosmic, gamma, and X-rays.
Solar Radiation Metrics
- The total amount of incoming solar radiation on a unit area in unit time is represented as solar insolation.
- The solar constant is influenced by Earth-Sun distance and solar output variability.
- The unit for solar constant is watts per square meter (W/m²).
Heat Energy Transfer
- Heat energy transfers from warmer to cooler areas through conduction, convection, or radiation.
Types of Radiation Emission
- Heavenly bodies emit thermal radiation.
Radiant Flux and Sky Color
- Radiant flux divided by the area of transmission is called radiative flux.
- The primary cause of the blue sky is Rayleigh scattering.
Heat Processes During Phase Changes
- The process of heat required for evaporation is termed latent heat of vaporization.
- About 20% to 30% of incoming solar radiation is absorbed by water vapor, dust, and ozone (O3).
- The process of heat released during condensation is referred to as latent heat of condensation.
Scattering Types
- The scattering that occurs when the circumference of the scattering particle is less than 1/10th of the wavelength of incident radiation is known as Rayleigh scattering.
Surface Reflection
- About 30% of incoming solar radiation is reflected by the Earth's surface.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on insolation, the amount of solar radiation received on a unit area, and the solar constant, which affects the energy output. Learn about the factors that influence insolation, including the transparency of the atmosphere and the angle of the sun's rays. Assess your understanding of these essential concepts in environmental science.
