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Questions and Answers
What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
On which date is the earth farthest from the sun during its revolution?
On which date is the earth farthest from the sun during its revolution?
What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?
What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?
Which of the following does not cause variations in the amount and intensity of solar radiation received by the earth?
Which of the following does not cause variations in the amount and intensity of solar radiation received by the earth?
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What is the position called when the earth is nearest to the sun during its revolution?
What is the position called when the earth is nearest to the sun during its revolution?
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Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?
Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?
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Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?
Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?
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What is the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere called?
What is the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere called?
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In which month does the thermal equator lie to the south of the geographical equator as a result of the apparent movement of the sun?
In which month does the thermal equator lie to the south of the geographical equator as a result of the apparent movement of the sun?
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What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What is the main effect of inversion of temperature on air movement?
What is the main effect of inversion of temperature on air movement?
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During which month are isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
During which month are isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
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What does the presence of warm ocean currents do to the temperature of places located on the coast?
What does the presence of warm ocean currents do to the temperature of places located on the coast?
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What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
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What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
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What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
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What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?
What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?
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What influence does distance from the sea have on temperature?
What influence does distance from the sea have on temperature?
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What does the tilted position of the earth’s axis influence?
What does the tilted position of the earth’s axis influence?
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Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
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What causes the blue color of the sky and the red color of the rising and setting sun?
What causes the blue color of the sky and the red color of the rising and setting sun?
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Which region receives the least amount of insolation?
Which region receives the least amount of insolation?
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What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
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What is the term for the flow of energy from the warmer to the cooler body resulting in both bodies attaining the same temperature?
What is the term for the flow of energy from the warmer to the cooler body resulting in both bodies attaining the same temperature?
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What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?
What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?
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What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
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Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?
Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?
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What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
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What causes variation in insolation according to latitude?
What causes variation in insolation according to latitude?
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Why is advection relatively more important than convection in middle latitude regions?
Why is advection relatively more important than convection in middle latitude regions?
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What term is used to describe the energy received by the earth from the sun?
What term is used to describe the energy received by the earth from the sun?
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During which position in its revolution around the sun is the earth farthest from the sun?
During which position in its revolution around the sun is the earth farthest from the sun?
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What factor causes the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth due to the angle of inclination of the sun's rays?
What factor causes the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth due to the angle of inclination of the sun's rays?
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What factor masks the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun?
What factor masks the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun?
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Which phenomenon causes variation in insolation according to latitude?
Which phenomenon causes variation in insolation according to latitude?
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What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
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What is the term used to describe the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?
What is the term used to describe the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?
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Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?
Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?
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In which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
In which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
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What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
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Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
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Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?
Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?
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What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
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What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?
What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?
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What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?
What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?
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What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
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What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?
What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?
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Why do slant sun rays cover more area than the vertical rays?
Why do slant sun rays cover more area than the vertical rays?
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Where is the amount of solar radiation received at the surface of the earth the least?
Where is the amount of solar radiation received at the surface of the earth the least?
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What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
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What percentage of solar radiation reaching the earth's atmosphere is reflected back to space?
What percentage of solar radiation reaching the earth's atmosphere is reflected back to space?
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What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
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What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
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Which factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
Which factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?
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What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to earth's distance from the sun?
What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to earth's distance from the sun?
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Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?
Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?
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What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
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What factor causes the most variation in insolation at the surface of the earth?
What factor causes the most variation in insolation at the surface of the earth?
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Why does the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun not greatly affect daily weather changes?
Why does the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun not greatly affect daily weather changes?
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Which position is called aphelion in the revolution of the earth around the sun?
Which position is called aphelion in the revolution of the earth around the sun?
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What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
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What is the main cause of variability in insolation during a day, in a season, and in a year?
What is the main cause of variability in insolation during a day, in a season, and in a year?
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What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What is the main factor influencing the temperature of a place near the sea compared to the places at higher altitudes?
What is the main factor influencing the temperature of a place near the sea compared to the places at higher altitudes?
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What is responsible for the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?
What is responsible for the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?
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What effect do warm ocean currents have on the temperature of places located on the coast?
What effect do warm ocean currents have on the temperature of places located on the coast?
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During which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
During which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?
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What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
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What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?
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What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?
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Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?
Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?
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Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?
Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?
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What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?
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What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?
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Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?
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What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?
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What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?
What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?
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What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?
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What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?
What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?
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Study Notes
Solar Radiation and Insolation
- The term for the energy received by the earth from the sun is insolation.
- The earth is farthest from the sun on July 4th, and nearest on January 3rd.
- The tilt of the earth's axis (23.5°) masks the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun.
Factors Influencing Insolation
- Latitude causes variation in insolation, with the equator receiving the most insolation.
- Angle of inclination of the sun's rays influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth.
- Aspect influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth.
- Distance from the sea influences temperature, with places near the sea generally having a higher temperature.
- Altitude influences temperature, with places at higher altitudes having lower temperatures.
Atmospheric Heating and Cooling
- Long wave radiations heat up the atmosphere from below.
- Clear sky allows radiation to escape, leading to a lower temperature at low levels.
- Advection is relatively more important than convection in middle latitude regions.
- Convection heats up the atmosphere from below.
Temperature and Climate
- Temperature inversion occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude.
- Advection and convection influence the temperature of a place.
- Distance from the sea and altitude influence temperature.
- Latitude influences temperature, with the equator having the highest temperatures.
Other Phenomena
- Dense fogs occur in the mornings, especially during winter, due to radiation cooling.
- Air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights leads to a temperature decrease.
- Isotherms are more or less parallel to the latitudes in January in the northern hemisphere.
- The thermal equator lies to the south of the geographical equator in January due to the apparent movement of the sun.
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Description
Test your knowledge about solar radiation and the earth's distance from the sun during aphelion and perihelion positions. Learn about insolation and incoming solar radiation.
