Solar Radiation and Aphelion-Perihelion Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?

  • Radiant energy
  • Thermal radiation
  • Solar output
  • Insolation (correct)

    • On which date is the earth farthest from the sun during its revolution?

  • 9th Sep
  • 3rd Jan
  • 1st May
  • 4th July (correct)

    • What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?

  • The rotation of the earth on its axis
  • The length of the day
  • Atmospheric transparency
  • Distribution of land and sea (correct)

    • Which of the following does not cause variations in the amount and intensity of solar radiation received by the earth?

    <p>The distance from the moon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position called when the earth is nearest to the sun during its revolution?

    <p>Perihelion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?

    <p>The configuration of the land</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?

    <p>Altitude of the place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere called?

    <p>Normal lapse rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which month does the thermal equator lie to the south of the geographical equator as a result of the apparent movement of the sun?

    <p>January</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?

    <p>Inversion of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of inversion of temperature on air movement?

    <p>Prevents clouds from growing high enough to produce showers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which month are isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?

    <p>July</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of warm ocean currents do to the temperature of places located on the coast?

    <p>Increases temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?

    <p>Warm ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?

    <p>Accumulation of smoke and dust particles below the inversion layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?

    <p>Valley Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?

    <p>Higher amounts of terrestrial radiation to escape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influence does distance from the sea have on temperature?

    <p>Increases temperature near land.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tilted position of the earth’s axis influence?

    <p>The amount of insolation received at different places</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?

    <p>They cover more area than the vertical rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the blue color of the sky and the red color of the rising and setting sun?

    <p>Scattering of light within the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region receives the least amount of insolation?

    <p>Poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?

    <p>Terrestrial radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the flow of energy from the warmer to the cooler body resulting in both bodies attaining the same temperature?

    <p>Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?

    <p>Advection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?

    <p>Heat budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?

    <p>Due to variation in net heat budget at different latitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?

    <p>Latitude of the place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes variation in insolation according to latitude?

    <p>Angle of incidence of solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is advection relatively more important than convection in middle latitude regions?

    <p>Due to limited vertical extent of convective currents in these regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the energy received by the earth from the sun?

    <p>Insolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which position in its revolution around the sun is the earth farthest from the sun?

    <p>Aphelion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor causes the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth due to the angle of inclination of the sun's rays?

    <p>The angle of inclination of the rays of the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor masks the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun?

    <p>Distribution of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon causes variation in insolation according to latitude?

    <p>Distribution of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?

    <p>The angle of inclination of the sun's rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?

    <p>Lapse rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?

    <p>The sea heats up quickly and loses heat slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?

    <p>July</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?

    <p>Valley inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?

    <p>Because the rays have to travel through a larger section of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the temperature of a place by heating up the atmosphere from below?

    <p>Terrestrial radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?

    <p>Inversion of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for most of the diurnal changes in middle latitude regions?

    <p>Terrestrial radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to the earth's distance from the sun?

    <p>Atmospheric refraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?

    <p>Land surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?

    <p>66.5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do slant sun rays cover more area than the vertical rays?

    <p>They have to pass through a greater depth of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the amount of solar radiation received at the surface of the earth the least?

    <p>Poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?

    <p>Insolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of solar radiation reaching the earth's atmosphere is reflected back to space?

    <p>35%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?

    <p>Variation in solar output due to earth's distance from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences temperature based on solar radiation received?

    <p>Latitude of the place</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor masks the variation in solar output that occurs due to earth's distance from the sun?

    <p>Atmospheric absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does some part of the earth have a surplus radiation balance while others have a deficit?

    <p>Latitude variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?

    <p>Inversion process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor causes the most variation in insolation at the surface of the earth?

    <p>The angle of inclination of the rays of the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun not greatly affect daily weather changes?

    <p>Because of the distribution of land and sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position is called aphelion in the revolution of the earth around the sun?

    <p>4th July (152 million km)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?

    <p>The configuration of the land in terms of its aspect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of variability in insolation during a day, in a season, and in a year?

    <p>The angle of inclination of the rays of the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing the temperature of a place near the sea compared to the places at higher altitudes?

    <p>Distance from the sea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the vertical decrease in temperature of the troposphere?

    <p>Solar radiation received</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do warm ocean currents have on the temperature of places located on the coast?

    <p>Increases temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which month are the isotherms more or less parallel to the latitudes?

    <p>July</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?

    <p>Inversion of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?

    <p>Inversion of temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes dense fogs in the mornings, especially during winter?

    <p>&quot;Inversion of temperature&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon takes place due to air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights?

    <p>&quot;Inversion of temperature&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth in terms of its aspect?

    <p>Angle of inclination of sun's rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do places near the sea generally have a higher temperature compared to places at higher altitudes?

    <p>The location influences solar radiation received.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a deviation in the trend of isotherms, particularly in January in the northern hemisphere?

    <p>Land surface area differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy received by the earth from the sun?

    <p>Insolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do slant sun rays result in less net energy received per area?

    <p>They pass through a greater depth of the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude?

    <p>Advection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor explains how the earth maintains its temperature despite the huge transfer of heat?

    <p>Heat budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What angle does the earth's rotation axis make with the plane of its orbit around the sun?

    <p>66.5°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is responsible for heating up the atmosphere from below through long wave radiations?

    <p>Terrestrial radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does clear sky allow which leads to a lower temperature at low levels?

    <p>Less atmospheric absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Solar Radiation and Insolation

    • The term for the energy received by the earth from the sun is insolation.
    • The earth is farthest from the sun on July 4th, and nearest on January 3rd.
    • The tilt of the earth's axis (23.5°) masks the variation in solar output due to the earth's distance from the sun.

    Factors Influencing Insolation

    • Latitude causes variation in insolation, with the equator receiving the most insolation.
    • Angle of inclination of the sun's rays influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth.
    • Aspect influences the variability of insolation at the surface of the earth.
    • Distance from the sea influences temperature, with places near the sea generally having a higher temperature.
    • Altitude influences temperature, with places at higher altitudes having lower temperatures.

    Atmospheric Heating and Cooling

    • Long wave radiations heat up the atmosphere from below.
    • Clear sky allows radiation to escape, leading to a lower temperature at low levels.
    • Advection is relatively more important than convection in middle latitude regions.
    • Convection heats up the atmosphere from below.

    Temperature and Climate

    • Temperature inversion occurs when warm air lies over cold air, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude.
    • Advection and convection influence the temperature of a place.
    • Distance from the sea and altitude influence temperature.
    • Latitude influences temperature, with the equator having the highest temperatures.

    Other Phenomena

    • Dense fogs occur in the mornings, especially during winter, due to radiation cooling.
    • Air drainage in hills and mountains during winter nights leads to a temperature decrease.
    • Isotherms are more or less parallel to the latitudes in January in the northern hemisphere.
    • The thermal equator lies to the south of the geographical equator in January due to the apparent movement of the sun.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about solar radiation and the earth's distance from the sun during aphelion and perihelion positions. Learn about insolation and incoming solar radiation.

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