Questions and Answers
What is the process by which hemocytes engulf and destroy foreign particulate matter?
Phagocytosis
What is the term for the process in which hemocytes surround and isolate multicellular parasites?
Encapsulation
What is the term for the formation of nodules by hemocytes in response to invading microorganisms or parasites?
Nodule formations
What is one of the functions of hemocytes related to wound healing?
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How do hemocytes contribute to the immune function?
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What is the purpose of encapsulation by hemocytes?
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How do hemocytes respond to invading microorganisms or parasites?
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What is the role of hemocytes in the defense against foreign particles and parasites?
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What is the term for the major extracellular fluid in insects?
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What are the two main components of insect hemolymph?
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What is the primary function of insect hemolymph?
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What can cause the color of insect hemolymph to be green or yellow?
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What is the typical pH of insect hemolymph?
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What is the role of hemocytes in insect hemolymph?
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How does insect hemolymph support insect life?
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What is unique about the composition of insect hemolymph?
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What is the role of hemocytes in wound healing?
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What is the function of detoxification enzymes in hemocytes?
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What is the definition of resistance in insects with regards to insecticides?
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What are the two major mechanisms of resistance in insects?
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What is the role of insecticides in controlling disease vectors?
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How do hemocytes contribute to the body's ability to process and eliminate toxins?
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What is the significance of enhanced detoxification in insect resistance?
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What is the importance of understanding insect resistance to insecticides?
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What type of cells are larval Drosophila hemocytes derived from?
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What is the role of prohemocytes in maintaining the hemocyte population?
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What type of hemocytes are involved in the encapsulation of foreign objects?
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What type of cells are involved in melanization and wound healing?
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What is the most common type of hemocytes found in insects?
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What type of hemocytes are derived from prohemocytes and are involved in the immune response?
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What is the origin of hemocytes in the Drosophila larval stage?
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What type of cells are involved in the differentiation and specialization of hemocytes?
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What is the primary function of granulocytes in the immune system?
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What distinguishes adipohemocytes from other types of hemocytes?
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What is characteristic of the nucleus in granulocytes?
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What is the significance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus in granulocytes?
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How do granulocytes eliminate pathogens and foreign substances?
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What is the likely origin of granulocytes?
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How does the structure of granulocytes relate to their function?
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Study Notes
Insect Hemolymph
- Insect hemolymph is a major extracellular fluid consisting of liquid plasma and cellular hemocytes.
- It serves the primary function of providing all tissues and cells with the necessary materials for survival.
Components of Insect Hemolymph
- The two components of insect hemolymph are:
- Liquid plasma
- Cellular hemocytes
Function of Insect Hemolymph
- The principle function of insect hemolymph is to provide materials for the survival of tissues and cells.
- It does not involve oxygen transport, nutrient storage, waste removal, or hormone production.
Color of Insect Hemolymph
- The color of insect hemolymph may be green or yellow in some insects due to the presence of pigments.
- The color is not affected by pH, oxygen, or carbon dioxide levels.
pH of Insect Hemolymph
- The pH of insect hemolymph is variable, ranging from slightly acidic to alkaline in different species.
Hemocyte Functions
- Hemocytes are responsible for:
- Phagocytosis of foreign particulate matter
- Encapsulation of multicellular parasites
- Nodule formations
- Regulation of body temperature
- Hemocytes also play a role in:
- Coagulation and wound healing
- Containing detoxification enzymes for metabolism
Resistance to Insecticides
- Resistance in insects is defined as the ability to tolerate doses of toxicant that would be lethal to most individuals in a normal population.
- The two major mechanisms of resistance are:
- Alteration of target-sites
- Enhanced detoxification
Insecticide Control
- Insecticides play a central role in controlling major vectors of diseases.
Granulocytes
- Granulocytes are a type of hemocyte that function through secretory actions in the immune system.
- They are characterized by:
- Compact cells with a small nucleus and large amounts of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus
- They are distinguished from other hemocytes by their characteristics.
Adipohemocytes
- Adipohemocytes are a type of hemocyte that are characterized by:
- Large cells with a small nucleus and high lipid content
- They are distinct from other hemocyte types due to their cellular composition.
Origin of Granulocytes
- Granulocytes are derived from prohemocytes in larval Drosophila.
Prohemocytes
- Prohemocytes give rise to more prohemocytes and can differentiate into other types of hemocytes.
- They are the origin of plasmatocytes, lamellocytes, and crystal cells.
Hemocyte Development
- Plasmatocytes are derived from prohemocytes and are involved in the immune response.
- Lamellocytes are derived from prohemocytes and are involved in melanization and wound healing.
- Crystal cells are derived from prohemocytes and are involved in the encapsulation of foreign objects.
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Description
Identify the two components of insect hemolymph, which is the major extracellular fluid in insects. It consists of liquid plasma and cellular hemocytes, serving the principle function of providing all tissues/cells with the materials needed for survival.
