Insect Physiology Module 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of a defoliant?

  • To induce premature leaf-fall (correct)
  • To reduce the concentration of active ingredients in pesticides
  • To kill or inactivate pests on the surface of plants
  • To establish organisms in a new habitat

    • Economic damage refers to the injury done to a crop that is not considered worth the cost of artificial control measures.

    False

    What does ecdysis refer to in the context of larval arthropods?

    The molting or shedding of the skin

    A __________ is a chemical that kills vegetation by inducing excessive water loss.

    <p>desiccant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Diluent = Reduces concentration of active ingredient Economic-injury level = Lowest population density causing economic damage Diurnal = Active during the daytime Efficiency of a pest control measure = Fixed reduction of a pest population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the quantity of pesticide applied per unit area?

    <p>Dose; dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drift occurs when spray or dust is carried by natural air currents toward the target area.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of the economic threshold in pest control?

    <p>The pest population level at which control measures should be started</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of an emulsifier in a pesticide formulation?

    <p>To allow formation of a stable suspension of oil droplets in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fumigants are pesticides that are effective only in solid form.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'frass' refer to?

    <p>Wood fragments made by a wood-boring insect, usually mixed with feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organism on which a parasite lives is known as a ______.

    <p>host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes insects with a complete metamorphosis?

    <p>Holometabolous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their definitions:

    <p>Fossorial legs = Modified for digging Fecundity = Capacity to produce offspring Instar = Form of insect between molts Hypermetamorphosis = Different types of larvae in one metamorphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'herbivorous'.

    <p>Feeding on plants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infecting a plant means entering and establishing a pathogenic relationship with it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary目的 of seed dressing?

    <p>To apply protectant pesticides to seeds before planting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Semiochemicals are chemicals produced by one organism that incite a response in the same organism.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a sticker in seed dressing?

    <p>To stick powdered seed dressings onto seeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A _____ poison operates by absorption through the intestine after ingestion by an insect.

    <p>stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of spray with their definitions:

    <p>Coarse = Dispersion of droplets with a median diameter over 200 µm Fine = Dispersion of droplets with a diameter from 50–150 µm Ultra-low-volume = Less than 50 1/ha on ground crops High-volume = Over 1200 1/ha on bushes and trees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes 'susceptible'?

    <p>Easily infested or infected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Systemic pesticides are absorbed through plant surfaces and transmitted systemically within the plant.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'toxicity' refer to in the context of pesticide formulations?

    <p>The ability to poison or adversely affect vital processes of an organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is insect physiology primarily concerned with?

    <p>The physiological processes occurring in insects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Few attempts have been made to connect insect physiology with pest control efforts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define insect toxicology.

    <p>Insect toxicology is the study of the effects of toxic substances on insects, including the mechanisms of toxicity and the factors influencing these effects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An __________ is a chemical added to increase the toxicity of a pesticide.

    <p>activator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a chemical that inhibits the feeding of certain insect pests?

    <p>Anti-feedant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Acaricide = Material toxic to mites Adjuvant = A spray additive to improve properties Active ingredient = Toxic component of a pesticide Adhesive = Material to increase pesticide retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of insect physiology is purely of scientific interest with no economic importance.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand insecticide use patterns?

    <p>Understanding insecticide use patterns is important to maximize effectiveness, reduce resistance, and minimize environmental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a trap crop?

    <p>To attract insect pests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Viviparous insects lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a vector in the context of insect-borne diseases?

    <p>An organism that transmits viruses or other pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of pesticide uptake and its dispersal within a plant is known as __________.

    <p>translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Tracer = Additive for locating deposits Translocation = Uptake and dispersal of pesticides Trap crop = Plants grown to attract pests Viviparous = Birth of living young</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential benefit of developing insecticides that target insect-specific systems?

    <p>They will be safe for the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The indiscriminate use of insecticides has no effect on developing resistance in disease vectors.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by pesticide residue?

    <p>The amount of pesticide remaining on plants or in soil after a given time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Insect Physiology and Toxicology

    • Control of insect pests has become increasingly challenging, prompting a deeper investigation into the actions of insecticides.
    • Key factors influencing insecticide efficacy include physiological processes in target insects, making insect physiology economically significant.
    • There has been limited application of physiological knowledge to insect pest management, although it is imperative for effective control strategies.

    Learning Objectives

    • Understand the relationship between insect physiology and toxicology.
    • Define key terminologies pertinent to insect physiology and toxicology.
    • Recognize the importance of insecticide application patterns in pest management.

    Terminology Definitions

    • Acaricide: Toxic material specifically targeting mites.
    • Active ingredient (a.i.): The toxic component in pesticide formulations.
    • Adjuvant: Additives that enhance physical or chemical properties of pesticides.
    • Antibiosis: Plant defenses against insect attacks, such as toxic sap or thick cuticle.
    • Defoliant: Chemical that causes premature leaf drop.
    • Emulsifiable concentrate (e.c.): Liquid formulation that creates emulsions when mixed with water.

    Insect Physiology and Toxicology

    • Understanding insect physiology helps identify unique biological systems not found in other animals, allowing for the development of targeted insecticides with reduced toxicity to non-target species.
    • Examples include insecticides targeting flea pupae, which are safe for pets and humans due to their low mammalian toxicity.

    Insecticide Use Patterns

    • Indiscriminate insecticide use can lead to resistance in insect populations, particularly in agricultural areas with breeding sites for disease vectors.
    • It is crucial to examine the impacts of insecticide resistance, especially in environments with significant agricultural practices.
    • Monitoring pesticide residue levels in soil and water is important for assessing environmental impacts from insecticide applications.

    Concepts of Economic Impact

    • Economic damage: Refers to crop injury that justifies the cost of artificial control measures.
    • Economic-injury level: The pest population density that causes economic damage.
    • Economic threshold: The pest population level that prompts the initiation of control measures to prevent reaching economic-injury levels.

    Additional Concepts

    • Systemic insecticides: Absorbed through plant tissues and distributed throughout the plant.
    • Viviparous: Organisms that give birth to live young, such as certain aphids.
    • Vector organisms: Capable of transmitting pathogens, particularly relevant in pest management strategies.

    Importance of Study

    • Continued research in insect physiology and toxicology is vital for developing innovative, environmentally safe pest control solutions.
    • Understanding physiological systems in insects contributes to more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.

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    Related Documents

    OCR Introduction to General Physiology PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of insect physiology and its significance in controlling insect pests. This module examines the complex interactions between insecticides and the physiological processes in target species. Understanding these factors is essential for effective pest management.

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