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Questions and Answers
What is the function of a defoliant?
What is the function of a defoliant?
- To induce premature leaf-fall (correct)
- To reduce the concentration of active ingredients in pesticides
- To kill or inactivate pests on the surface of plants
- To establish organisms in a new habitat
Economic damage refers to the injury done to a crop that is not considered worth the cost of artificial control measures.
Economic damage refers to the injury done to a crop that is not considered worth the cost of artificial control measures.
False (B)
What does ecdysis refer to in the context of larval arthropods?
What does ecdysis refer to in the context of larval arthropods?
The molting or shedding of the skin
A __________ is a chemical that kills vegetation by inducing excessive water loss.
A __________ is a chemical that kills vegetation by inducing excessive water loss.
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Which term refers to the quantity of pesticide applied per unit area?
Which term refers to the quantity of pesticide applied per unit area?
Drift occurs when spray or dust is carried by natural air currents toward the target area.
Drift occurs when spray or dust is carried by natural air currents toward the target area.
What is the definition of the economic threshold in pest control?
What is the definition of the economic threshold in pest control?
What is the primary purpose of an emulsifier in a pesticide formulation?
What is the primary purpose of an emulsifier in a pesticide formulation?
Fumigants are pesticides that are effective only in solid form.
Fumigants are pesticides that are effective only in solid form.
What does the term 'frass' refer to?
What does the term 'frass' refer to?
An organism on which a parasite lives is known as a ______.
An organism on which a parasite lives is known as a ______.
Which term describes insects with a complete metamorphosis?
Which term describes insects with a complete metamorphosis?
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Define 'herbivorous'.
Define 'herbivorous'.
Infecting a plant means entering and establishing a pathogenic relationship with it.
Infecting a plant means entering and establishing a pathogenic relationship with it.
What is the primary目的 of seed dressing?
What is the primary目的 of seed dressing?
Semiochemicals are chemicals produced by one organism that incite a response in the same organism.
Semiochemicals are chemicals produced by one organism that incite a response in the same organism.
What is the function of a sticker in seed dressing?
What is the function of a sticker in seed dressing?
A _____ poison operates by absorption through the intestine after ingestion by an insect.
A _____ poison operates by absorption through the intestine after ingestion by an insect.
Match the following types of spray with their definitions:
Match the following types of spray with their definitions:
Which of the following best describes 'susceptible'?
Which of the following best describes 'susceptible'?
Systemic pesticides are absorbed through plant surfaces and transmitted systemically within the plant.
Systemic pesticides are absorbed through plant surfaces and transmitted systemically within the plant.
What does 'toxicity' refer to in the context of pesticide formulations?
What does 'toxicity' refer to in the context of pesticide formulations?
What is insect physiology primarily concerned with?
What is insect physiology primarily concerned with?
Few attempts have been made to connect insect physiology with pest control efforts.
Few attempts have been made to connect insect physiology with pest control efforts.
Define insect toxicology.
Define insect toxicology.
An __________ is a chemical added to increase the toxicity of a pesticide.
An __________ is a chemical added to increase the toxicity of a pesticide.
Which of the following terms refers to a chemical that inhibits the feeding of certain insect pests?
Which of the following terms refers to a chemical that inhibits the feeding of certain insect pests?
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
The study of insect physiology is purely of scientific interest with no economic importance.
The study of insect physiology is purely of scientific interest with no economic importance.
Why is it important to understand insecticide use patterns?
Why is it important to understand insecticide use patterns?
What is the purpose of a trap crop?
What is the purpose of a trap crop?
Viviparous insects lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young.
Viviparous insects lay eggs rather than giving birth to live young.
What defines a vector in the context of insect-borne diseases?
What defines a vector in the context of insect-borne diseases?
The process of pesticide uptake and its dispersal within a plant is known as __________.
The process of pesticide uptake and its dispersal within a plant is known as __________.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What is the potential benefit of developing insecticides that target insect-specific systems?
What is the potential benefit of developing insecticides that target insect-specific systems?
The indiscriminate use of insecticides has no effect on developing resistance in disease vectors.
The indiscriminate use of insecticides has no effect on developing resistance in disease vectors.
What is meant by pesticide residue?
What is meant by pesticide residue?
Study Notes
Introduction to Insect Physiology and Toxicology
- Control of insect pests has become increasingly challenging, prompting a deeper investigation into the actions of insecticides.
- Key factors influencing insecticide efficacy include physiological processes in target insects, making insect physiology economically significant.
- There has been limited application of physiological knowledge to insect pest management, although it is imperative for effective control strategies.
Learning Objectives
- Understand the relationship between insect physiology and toxicology.
- Define key terminologies pertinent to insect physiology and toxicology.
- Recognize the importance of insecticide application patterns in pest management.
Terminology Definitions
- Acaricide: Toxic material specifically targeting mites.
- Active ingredient (a.i.): The toxic component in pesticide formulations.
- Adjuvant: Additives that enhance physical or chemical properties of pesticides.
- Antibiosis: Plant defenses against insect attacks, such as toxic sap or thick cuticle.
- Defoliant: Chemical that causes premature leaf drop.
- Emulsifiable concentrate (e.c.): Liquid formulation that creates emulsions when mixed with water.
Insect Physiology and Toxicology
- Understanding insect physiology helps identify unique biological systems not found in other animals, allowing for the development of targeted insecticides with reduced toxicity to non-target species.
- Examples include insecticides targeting flea pupae, which are safe for pets and humans due to their low mammalian toxicity.
Insecticide Use Patterns
- Indiscriminate insecticide use can lead to resistance in insect populations, particularly in agricultural areas with breeding sites for disease vectors.
- It is crucial to examine the impacts of insecticide resistance, especially in environments with significant agricultural practices.
- Monitoring pesticide residue levels in soil and water is important for assessing environmental impacts from insecticide applications.
Concepts of Economic Impact
- Economic damage: Refers to crop injury that justifies the cost of artificial control measures.
- Economic-injury level: The pest population density that causes economic damage.
- Economic threshold: The pest population level that prompts the initiation of control measures to prevent reaching economic-injury levels.
Additional Concepts
- Systemic insecticides: Absorbed through plant tissues and distributed throughout the plant.
- Viviparous: Organisms that give birth to live young, such as certain aphids.
- Vector organisms: Capable of transmitting pathogens, particularly relevant in pest management strategies.
Importance of Study
- Continued research in insect physiology and toxicology is vital for developing innovative, environmentally safe pest control solutions.
- Understanding physiological systems in insects contributes to more effective and sustainable agricultural practices.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of insect physiology and its significance in controlling insect pests. This module examines the complex interactions between insecticides and the physiological processes in target species. Understanding these factors is essential for effective pest management.
