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Questions and Answers
Which element has the highest reducing power?
Which element has the highest reducing power?
The stability of the outer shell electrons decreases as you move down the group due to the inert pair effect.
The stability of the outer shell electrons decreases as you move down the group due to the inert pair effect.
True
What is the trend in atomic radius for the elements B, Al, Ga, In, and Te?
What is the trend in atomic radius for the elements B, Al, Ga, In, and Te?
B < Al < Ga < In < Te
The basic character of hydroxides increases as the bond length _____ .
The basic character of hydroxides increases as the bond length _____ .
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Match the following elements with their corresponding hydroxides and basic character:
Match the following elements with their corresponding hydroxides and basic character:
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Study Notes
Stability of oxidation states
- The stability of +3 oxidation state decreases down the group, while the stability of +1 oxidation state increases down the group.
- This is due to the inert pair effect, where the two electrons in the outermost s-orbital become less readily available for bonding.
Reducing Power
- Boron has the highest reducing power among the p-block elements, while thallium has the lowest.
- Reducing power increases down the group due to the decrease in ionization enthalpy.
Back Bonding
- The extent of back bonding is inversely proportional to the size of the central atom.
- The smaller the central atom, the greater the overlap between the empty p-orbitals of the central atom and the filled p-orbitals of the halogen atom.
- This results in stronger back bonding, leading to a decrease in the acidity of the halides.
- Back bonding decreases down the group due to the increasing size of the central atom.
Basic Character
- The basic character of the hydroxides of the p-block elements increases down the group.
- This is due to the increasing size of the central atom, which leads to a weaker bond between the central atom and the hydroxide group.
- Weaker bonds allow for easier donation of the lone pair on the oxygen atom, therefore increasing the basic character.
Atomic Radius
- The atomic radius of the p-block elements increases down the group, due to the increase in the number of electron shells.
- The atomic radius of boron is smaller than that of aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium due to effective nuclear charge.
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Description
This quiz explores important concepts in inorganic chemistry, focusing on the stability of oxidation states, reducing power, back bonding, and basic character of elements. Test your understanding of how these concepts vary down the group in the periodic table.
