Chemistry Quiz: Oxidation States and Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which Pb$^{4+}$ converts to Pb$^{2+}$?

  • Oxidation
  • Ionization
  • Reduction (correct)
  • Decomposition
  • Pb$^{4+}$ has a high association with anions like I$^{-}$.

    False

    What type of metals are most electropositive?

    Alkali and alkaline earth metals

    As the oxidation state increases, the electronegativity __________.

    <p>increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the metallic character as one moves across a period?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following cations to their oxidation states:

    <p>Pb$^{4+}$ = Higher oxidation state Sn$^{2+}$ = Lower oxidation state Sn$^{4+}$ = Higher oxidation state Pb$^{2+}$ = Lower oxidation state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electropositive character of halogens is the highest in their group.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electron gain enthalpy __________ down a group.

    <p>decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond order of carbon monoxide (CO)?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nitric oxide (NO) has no unpaired electrons, making it diamagnetic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements exhibits a decrease in electron gain enthalpy down the group?

    <p>Halogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between ionic character and melting point?

    <p>Higher ionic character results in a higher melting point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Lewis structure of carbon monoxide (CO) is represented as O = C = O, and it is ________ in nature.

    <p>diamagnetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following properties with their respective molecules:

    <p>NO = Paramagnetic due to unpaired electron CO = Diamagnetic with bond order of 3 Covalent character = Depends on charge and size of ions Fajan's rule = Describes covalent character in ionic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding second period elements like nitrogen and carbon?

    <p>They cannot form more than four bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first ionization energy is always greater than the second ionization energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum valency of sulfur (S)?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After losing one electron, sodium ion (Na+) achieves ______ configuration.

    <p>noble gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the removal of an electron from a unipositive cation difficult?

    <p>Strong electrostatic attractive forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in the third period can form more than four bonds.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trend in ionization energy as more electrons are removed from an atom?

    <p>Ionization energy increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the molecule BF, the bond length between boron and fluorine can be predicted to be ______.

    <p>observed B-F bond length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element has a +2 oxidation state as the most stable?

    <p>Barium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements to their electron configuration outcomes after losing an electron:

    <p>Sodium (Na) = Noble gas configuration Nitrogen (N) = More difficult to ionize Sulfur (S) = Maximum valency of 6 Carbon (C) = Cannot expand octet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum atomic number for element M?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Element M has d-orbital electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hybridization present in a molecule with three sigma bonds?

    <p>sp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The electronic configuration for an atom with atomic number 21 is [Ar]3s _____ 3p _____ .

    <p>2, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following molecules with their characteristics:

    <p>[TeBr6] = Contains d-orbital electrons [BrF2] = Is non-polar SNF3 = Has a symmetrical geometry [XeF3]- = Has an atomic number greater than 21</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the molecule MX?

    <p>It has three sigma bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The molecule having a zero dipole moment indicates that it has asymmetrical geometry.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implies that the molecule MX has a symmetrical geometry?

    <p>Zero dipole moment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The element M has a maximum of ____ electrons.

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arrangement is possible for sp hybridization?

    <p>Triagonal planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between E1 and E2?

    <p>E1 &lt; E2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The energy required to pull out the second electron E2 is less than the energy required to pull out the first electron E1.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the least reactive non-metal based on the given energy information.

    <p>The least reactive non-metal is A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In increasing order of their sizes, the sequence for the ions is Mg 2+ > Na + > F - > O 2- < ______.

    <p>N 3-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the ions with their respective charges:

    <p>N 3- = Negative three charge Na + = Positive one charge F - = Negative one charge Mg 2+ = Positive two charge O 2- = Negative two charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy value corresponds to the highest energy requirement for electron removal?

    <p>3374</p> Signup and view all the answers

    E1 is observed to be equal to E2 in all cases for the given elements.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

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    Description

    This quiz explores various concepts related to oxidation states, metallic character, and bonding in chemistry. Questions include the conversion of lead ions, metallic character trends, and bond order of carbon monoxide. Test your knowledge on these critical concepts in chemistry.

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