Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Receptors

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How are adaptive immune cells able to generate receptors that specifically recognize virtually every pathogen, while sparing self-antigens?

By forming a broad response to all pathogens

By recognizing conserved patterns on pathogens (PAMPs)

By acquiring tolerance to self through genetic programming

By recognizing very specific and unique features on pathogens (correct)

According to Paul Ehrlich, what was the first proposed regulatory mechanism to prevent autoimmunity called?

Horror autotoxicus (correct)

Autoimmune regulation

Pathogen recognition

Immune tolerance

What did Paul Ehrlich propose in 1906 to prevent the immune system from acting against the organism's own elements?

Recognizing conserved patterns on pathogens (PAMPs)

Immune contrivances (correct)

Acquiring tolerance to self through genetic programming

Regulatory mechanisms

What are the two plausible hypotheses for how tolerance to self could be formed, as mentioned in the text?

Genetically programmed property or acquired tolerance Signup and view all the answers

Why does the adaptive immune response take time to form, as mentioned in the text?

To specifically recognize unique features on pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How does the innate immune response differ from the adaptive immune response, as mentioned in the text?

Recognize conserved patterns on pathogens vs. specificity in recognizing unique features on pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the capacity for different clonotypes formed by the rearrangement of distinct genetic loci and random addition of nucleotides in the variable regions of B/T cell receptors?

10^20 Signup and view all the answers

In thymic T cell development, which signaling pathway is associated with checkpoint 1 for thymocyte development?

Notch signaling pathway Signup and view all the answers

According to Burnett's clonal selection theory, what happens to immature lymphocytes carrying receptors with specificity for self-antigens?

They are eliminated through clonal deletion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells branch off at an early DN stage during thymic T cell development?

gd T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the protein loops of the T cell receptor that touch the peptide in the context of MHC?

Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is NOT involved in positive/negative selection during thymic T cell development?

Bcl-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which mature lymphocytes that interact with foreign molecules are activated and proliferate with the same receptor specificity according to Burnett's clonal selection theory?

Clonal expansion Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular compartments do developing thymocytes move through and interact with specific stromal cell types during thymic T cell development?

Cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (cTECs and mTECs) Signup and view all the answers

In transplantation tolerance experiments by Peter Medawar, if bone marrow is transferred when the mouse is young, what happens to the graft later?

(BM known to contain IS cells) but it is specific because other skin grafts would have been rejected (ACQUIRED PROPERTY) Signup and view all the answers

What does alloantigen-specific B cell tolerance after neonatal injection of donor lymphoid cells indicate about the immune system response?

Tolerance is due to clonal deletion of alloreactive B cells in the bone marrow. Signup and view all the answers

Innate vs Adaptive Immunity Receptors

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