T1 L2: Innate immune defences & inflammation 1 (SS)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a soluble effector in innate immunity?

  • Defensins
  • Interferon
  • Collectins
  • Lysozyme (correct)

    • What is the main function of antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity?

  • Target pathogens for phagocytosis
  • Induce inflammation
  • Disrupt microbial membranes (correct)
  • Opsonize pathogens

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

  • Metabolic reprogramming
  • Epigenetic reprogramming
  • Specific response to pathogens (correct)
  • Trained immunity

    • What is the main function of collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins in innate immunity?

    <p>Target pathogens for phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about complement components in innate immunity?

    <p>They lyse bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an anatomical barrier in innate immunity?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

    <p>Disrupt bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in innate immunity?

    <p>Toll-like receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an innate barrier to infection?

    <p>Induced skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of defensins in innate immunity?

    <p>Disrupt microbial membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule forms a pore that inserts into the membrane, allowing diffusion of ions and small molecules?

    <p>Membrane attack complex (MAC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of complement inhibitors in human cells?

    <p>To prevent MAC formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which deficiency in the complement pathway leads to serious pyogenic infections in neonates and children?

    <p>C3 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement deficiency is the most severe and leads to successive severe infections?

    <p>C3 deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which autoimmune disease is associated with a deficiency in C4?

    <p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the complement pathway deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

    <p>C8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CR1 on erythrocytes in the complement pathway?

    <p>To transport immune complexes to phagocytes in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do phagocytes recognize immune complexes in the complement pathway?

    <p>Via their Fc receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the consequences of complement system deficiencies?

    <p>Recurrent infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is recommended for further reading on immunology?

    <p>Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th Ed (2022), Norton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide kills bacteria by disrupting their membrane?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide is constitutively secreted by neutrophils, epithelial cells, and paneth cells in the crypts of the small intestine?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide can also attack fungi and viruses?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide has globular lectin-like heads that bind bacterial cell surface sugars?

    <p>Collectins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide can activate complement through the classical pathway/lectin pathway?

    <p>Collectins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is antibody-independent and activated by ficolins and mannose binding lectin (MBL)?

    <p>Lectin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is initiated by C1 activation and requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway involves the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 into C3a and C3b?

    <p>Alternative pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component can form a complex with MASP-1 and MASP2 to cleave C2 and C4 in the lectin pathway?

    <p>MBL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component is an important component of the membrane attack complex?

    <p>C3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is more rapid, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response is more specific, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response has memory, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The adaptive immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune response recognizes broad classes of pathogens, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

    <p>The innate immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide kills bacteria by disrupting their membrane?

    <p>Defensins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins in innate immunity?

    <p>To recognize and bind sugars on bacterial cell surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the complement pathway deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

    <p>C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

    <p>Specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic that will be covered in this lecture?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

    <p>To disrupt bacterial cell membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of a soluble molecule that defends against infection?

    <p>Complement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex for activation?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term is used to describe the concept of innate immune cells changing their response after exposure to a pathogen or vaccine?

    <p>Trained immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vaccine that was the first real discovery of trained immunity?

    <p>BCG vaccine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune cells undergo long-term trained immunity, despite their short lifespan in the bloodstream?

    <p>Monocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main barriers to pathogen entry in the body?

    <p>Physical barriers, soluble immune molecules, induced response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the complement system?

    <p>The complement system is composed of over 30 proteins that circulate in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway of the complement system requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex for activation?

    <p>The classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

    <p>Deficiency in C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the complement system in innate immunity?

    <p>To rapidly remove pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about lysozyme in innate immunity?

    <p>Lysozyme can hydrolyze the bonds between sugar chains in peptidoglycan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antimicrobial peptide is found in the oral cavity and has broad spectrum activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

    <p>Statins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of anti-microbial peptides in innate immunity?

    <p>To disrupt bacterial cell walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is initiated by C1 activation and requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex?

    <p>Classical pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component is cleaved into a small and large fragment, resulting in amplification of the cascade and activation of complement effector functions?

    <p>C3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component is the first cleaver molecule discovered to be cleaved, resulting in the generation of an active fragment labeled 'a'?

    <p>C2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway involves the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 into C3a and C3b?

    <p>Alternative pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement pathway is antibody-independent and activated by ficolins and mannose binding lectin (MBL)?

    <p>Lectin pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

    <p>C1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complement component is an important component of the membrane attack complex?

    <p>C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

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