T1 L2: Innate immune defences & inflammation 1 (SS)
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is an example of a soluble effector in innate immunity?

  • Defensins
  • Interferon
  • Collectins
  • Lysozyme (correct)

What is the main function of antimicrobial peptides in innate immunity?

  • Target pathogens for phagocytosis
  • Induce inflammation
  • Disrupt microbial membranes (correct)
  • Opsonize pathogens

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

  • Metabolic reprogramming
  • Epigenetic reprogramming
  • Specific response to pathogens (correct)
  • Trained immunity

What is the main function of collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins in innate immunity?

<p>Target pathogens for phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about complement components in innate immunity?

<p>They lyse bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an anatomical barrier in innate immunity?

<p>Skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

<p>Disrupt bacterial cell walls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in innate immunity?

<p>Toll-like receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an innate barrier to infection?

<p>Induced skin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of defensins in innate immunity?

<p>Disrupt microbial membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule forms a pore that inserts into the membrane, allowing diffusion of ions and small molecules?

<p>Membrane attack complex (MAC) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of complement inhibitors in human cells?

<p>To prevent MAC formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which deficiency in the complement pathway leads to serious pyogenic infections in neonates and children?

<p>C3 deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement deficiency is the most severe and leads to successive severe infections?

<p>C3 deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which autoimmune disease is associated with a deficiency in C4?

<p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the complement pathway deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

<p>C8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of CR1 on erythrocytes in the complement pathway?

<p>To transport immune complexes to phagocytes in the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do phagocytes recognize immune complexes in the complement pathway?

<p>Via their Fc receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of complement system deficiencies?

<p>Recurrent infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which book is recommended for further reading on immunology?

<p>Janeway’s Immunobiology, 10th Ed (2022), Norton (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide kills bacteria by disrupting their membrane?

<p>Defensins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide is constitutively secreted by neutrophils, epithelial cells, and paneth cells in the crypts of the small intestine?

<p>Defensins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide can also attack fungi and viruses?

<p>Defensins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide has globular lectin-like heads that bind bacterial cell surface sugars?

<p>Collectins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide can activate complement through the classical pathway/lectin pathway?

<p>Collectins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway is antibody-independent and activated by ficolins and mannose binding lectin (MBL)?

<p>Lectin pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway is initiated by C1 activation and requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex?

<p>Classical pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway involves the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 into C3a and C3b?

<p>Alternative pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component can form a complex with MASP-1 and MASP2 to cleave C2 and C4 in the lectin pathway?

<p>MBL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component is an important component of the membrane attack complex?

<p>C3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response is more rapid, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

<p>The innate immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response is more specific, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

<p>The adaptive immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response has memory, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

<p>The adaptive immune response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which immune response recognizes broad classes of pathogens, the innate immune response or the adaptive immune response?

<p>The innate immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide kills bacteria by disrupting their membrane?

<p>Defensins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of collectins, ficolins, and pentraxins in innate immunity?

<p>To recognize and bind sugars on bacterial cell surfaces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the complement pathway deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

<p>C4 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of innate immunity?

<p>Specificity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic that will be covered in this lecture?

<p>Inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysozyme in innate immunity?

<p>To disrupt bacterial cell membranes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a soluble molecule that defends against infection?

<p>Complement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex for activation?

<p>Classical pathway (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to describe the concept of innate immune cells changing their response after exposure to a pathogen or vaccine?

<p>Trained immunity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the vaccine that was the first real discovery of trained immunity?

<p>BCG vaccine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cells undergo long-term trained immunity, despite their short lifespan in the bloodstream?

<p>Monocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main barriers to pathogen entry in the body?

<p>Physical barriers, soluble immune molecules, induced response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the complement system?

<p>The complement system is composed of over 30 proteins that circulate in the body (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway of the complement system requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex for activation?

<p>The classical pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

<p>Deficiency in C4 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the complement system in innate immunity?

<p>To rapidly remove pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about lysozyme in innate immunity?

<p>Lysozyme can hydrolyze the bonds between sugar chains in peptidoglycan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antimicrobial peptide is found in the oral cavity and has broad spectrum activity against both gram positive and gram negative bacteria?

<p>Statins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of anti-microbial peptides in innate immunity?

<p>To disrupt bacterial cell walls (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway is initiated by C1 activation and requires at least 2 FC domains of an antibody-antigen complex?

<p>Classical pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component is cleaved into a small and large fragment, resulting in amplification of the cascade and activation of complement effector functions?

<p>C3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component is the first cleaver molecule discovered to be cleaved, resulting in the generation of an active fragment labeled 'a'?

<p>C2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway involves the spontaneous hydrolysis of C3 into C3a and C3b?

<p>Alternative pathway (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement pathway is antibody-independent and activated by ficolins and mannose binding lectin (MBL)?

<p>Lectin pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component deficiency makes patients prone to Neisseria meningitis infection?

<p>C1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complement component is an important component of the membrane attack complex?

<p>C4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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