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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about the complement system?
Which of the following is true about the complement system?
- It inhibits the release of cytokines and chemokines.
- It only activates in specific organs of the body.
- It marks pathogens for destruction by phagocytes. (correct)
- It directly destroys pathogens by lysing them.
What is the function of some small fragments of complement proteins?
What is the function of some small fragments of complement proteins?
- Neutralize the effect of cytokines and chemokines.
- Induce a non-specific immune response.
- Inhibit the activation of phagocytes.
- Act as chemoattractants to recruit more phagocytes and activate them. (correct)
How is the complement system activated?
How is the complement system activated?
- By direct binding to pathogens.
- By inhibiting the release of cytokines and chemokines.
- Through a triggered-enzyme cascade. (correct)
- Through a passive diffusion process.
What is the role of complement proteins in opsonization?
What is the role of complement proteins in opsonization?
Which of the following is a function of terminal complement proteins?
Which of the following is a function of terminal complement proteins?
Which protein mediates the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes?
Which protein mediates the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes?
What is the main function of small fragments of complement?
What is the main function of small fragments of complement?
What is the function of cytokines?
What is the function of cytokines?
What is the main function of chemokines?
What is the main function of chemokines?
What is the role of complement in the immune response to bacteria?
What is the role of complement in the immune response to bacteria?
What is the outcome of complement activation?
What is the outcome of complement activation?
Which receptor is mainly involved in the chemoattraction of monocyte/macrophage and neutrophils?
Which receptor is mainly involved in the chemoattraction of monocyte/macrophage and neutrophils?
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Study Notes
Complement System Overview
- The complement system is a part of the immune response to bacteria.
Activation and Functions
- The complement system is activated via three pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin.
- Some small fragments of complement proteins have anaphylatoxin function, which increases blood vessel permeability and attracts immune cells.
- Complement proteins play a role in opsonization, marking pathogens for destruction by phagocytes.
- Terminal complement proteins create a membrane attack complex, which forms a pore in the pathogen's membrane, leading to lysis.
Phagocytosis and Chemotaxis
- Complement protein C3b mediates the ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens by phagocytes.
- Small fragments of complement, such as C3a and C5a, have a main function of attracting immune cells to the site of infection.
- Cytokines, including chemokines, have a function of recruiting immune cells to the site of infection.
- Chemokines specifically have a main function of attracting immune cells, including monocyte/macrophage and neutrophils, to the site of infection.
- The receptor mainly involved in the chemoattraction of monocyte/macrophage and neutrophils is CCR2.
Outcome of Complement Activation
- The outcome of complement activation is the destruction of pathogens, including bacteria, through various mechanisms such as opsonization and membrane attack complex.
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