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Questions and Answers
What is another term for innate immunity?
What is another term for innate immunity?
Which organisms possess innate immunity?
Which organisms possess innate immunity?
What is the primary function of innate immunity?
What is the primary function of innate immunity?
How does the response time of innate immunity compare to adaptive immunity?
How does the response time of innate immunity compare to adaptive immunity?
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Which cells are involved in inflammation and antiviral defense in the innate immune response?
Which cells are involved in inflammation and antiviral defense in the innate immune response?
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What mediates innate immune defense against intracellular viruses?
What mediates innate immune defense against intracellular viruses?
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What are microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity called?
What are microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity called?
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How does the specificity of innate immunity compare to the adaptive immune system?
How does the specificity of innate immunity compare to the adaptive immune system?
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What is the primary role of the innate immune response?
What is the primary role of the innate immune response?
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Which statement best describes the memory capacity of the innate immune system?
Which statement best describes the memory capacity of the innate immune system?
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What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immunity?
What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immunity?
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What makes microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity highly effective?
What makes microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity highly effective?
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How does the extent and specificity of repeat encounters with microbes by cells of innate immunity compare to that of the adaptive immune system?
How does the extent and specificity of repeat encounters with microbes by cells of innate immunity compare to that of the adaptive immune system?
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What do innate immune receptors recognize?
What do innate immune receptors recognize?
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What highlights key differences between recognition and receptors of innate and adaptive immunity?
What highlights key differences between recognition and receptors of innate and adaptive immunity?
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What is the estimated number of types of innate immune receptors capable of recognizing about 1000 PAMPs and DAMPs?
What is the estimated number of types of innate immune receptors capable of recognizing about 1000 PAMPs and DAMPs?
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Which immune system recognizes molecules released from damaged or necrotic host cells, such as high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Which immune system recognizes molecules released from damaged or necrotic host cells, such as high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
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How many kinds of specific receptors are there in the adaptive immune system?
How many kinds of specific receptors are there in the adaptive immune system?
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What serves to eliminate the damaged cells and initiate the process of tissue repair following the release of DAMPs?
What serves to eliminate the damaged cells and initiate the process of tissue repair following the release of DAMPs?
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'Pattern recognition receptors' are a feature of which immune system?
'Pattern recognition receptors' are a feature of which immune system?
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'Clonal' distribution of receptors is a feature of which immune system?
'Clonal' distribution of receptors is a feature of which immune system?
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Study Notes
Innate Immune Response and Specificity
- The innate immune response triggers the adaptive immune system and plays a role in tissue repair after damage.
- The innate immune system recognizes microbes and damaged cells and stimulates adaptive immune responses.
- It performs defensive functions with limited reactions, mainly inflammation and antiviral defense.
- Inflammation involves leukocytes and plasma proteins eliminating microbes and damaged tissues.
- Innate immune defense against intracellular viruses is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and type I interferons (IFNs).
- The innate immune system responds similarly to repeat microbe encounters, lacking memory like the adaptive immune system.
- Some cells of innate immunity may respond better to repeat encounters with microbes, but the extent and specificity of this process are unclear.
- It recognizes structures shared by various microbes and not present in normal host cells.
- Innate immunity recognizes a limited number of microbial structures compared to the adaptive immune system.
- Microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
- Innate immune receptors are specific for structures essential for microbe survival and infectivity, making it highly effective.
- The figure and table summarize the specificity and receptors of innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting key differences in recognition and receptors.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the fundamental defense mechanisms of multicellular organisms known as innate immunity, including the recognition and elimination of microbes and dead cells.
