21 Questions
What is another term for innate immunity?
Natural immunity
Which organisms possess innate immunity?
All multicellular organisms
What is the primary function of innate immunity?
Defense against microbial infections
How does the response time of innate immunity compare to adaptive immunity?
Immediate response upon infection
Which cells are involved in inflammation and antiviral defense in the innate immune response?
Leukocytes and plasma proteins
What mediates innate immune defense against intracellular viruses?
Natural killer (NK) cells and type I interferons (IFNs)
What are microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity called?
Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
How does the specificity of innate immunity compare to the adaptive immune system?
It recognizes structures shared by various microbes and not present in normal host cells.
What is the primary role of the innate immune response?
It performs defensive functions with limited reactions, mainly inflammation and antiviral defense.
Which statement best describes the memory capacity of the innate immune system?
It responds similarly to repeat microbe encounters, lacking memory like the adaptive immune system.
What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immunity?
Mediating defense against intracellular viruses
What makes microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity highly effective?
They are specific for structures essential for microbe survival and infectivity.
How does the extent and specificity of repeat encounters with microbes by cells of innate immunity compare to that of the adaptive immune system?
The extent and specificity of this process are unclear for innate immunity, unlike the adaptive immune system which exhibits clear specificity.
What do innate immune receptors recognize?
Structures shared by various microbes and not present in normal host cells.
What highlights key differences between recognition and receptors of innate and adaptive immunity?
A figure and table in the text summarize these differences.
What is the estimated number of types of innate immune receptors capable of recognizing about 1000 PAMPs and DAMPs?
100
Which immune system recognizes molecules released from damaged or necrotic host cells, such as high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Innate immunity
How many kinds of specific receptors are there in the adaptive immune system?
2
What serves to eliminate the damaged cells and initiate the process of tissue repair following the release of DAMPs?
Innate responses
'Pattern recognition receptors' are a feature of which immune system?
Innate immunity
'Clonal' distribution of receptors is a feature of which immune system?
Adaptive immunity
Study Notes
Innate Immune Response and Specificity
- The innate immune response triggers the adaptive immune system and plays a role in tissue repair after damage.
- The innate immune system recognizes microbes and damaged cells and stimulates adaptive immune responses.
- It performs defensive functions with limited reactions, mainly inflammation and antiviral defense.
- Inflammation involves leukocytes and plasma proteins eliminating microbes and damaged tissues.
- Innate immune defense against intracellular viruses is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and type I interferons (IFNs).
- The innate immune system responds similarly to repeat microbe encounters, lacking memory like the adaptive immune system.
- Some cells of innate immunity may respond better to repeat encounters with microbes, but the extent and specificity of this process are unclear.
- It recognizes structures shared by various microbes and not present in normal host cells.
- Innate immunity recognizes a limited number of microbial structures compared to the adaptive immune system.
- Microbial molecules stimulating innate immunity are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
- Innate immune receptors are specific for structures essential for microbe survival and infectivity, making it highly effective.
- The figure and table summarize the specificity and receptors of innate and adaptive immunity, highlighting key differences in recognition and receptors.
Test your knowledge about the fundamental defense mechanisms of multicellular organisms known as innate immunity, including the recognition and elimination of microbes and dead cells.
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