BMS150: Immunology

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements is correct with regards to immunological tolerance?

It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to self antigens (correct)

It is the result of immunological unresponsiveness to foreign antigens

It is the result of immune responsiveness to foreign antigens

It is the result of immune responsiveness to self-antigens

Identify the mismatched items:

Plasma cell : antibody secretion

Megakaryocyte : platelets

Dendritic cell : antigen presentation

Neutrophil : precursor to macrophages (correct)

Which of the following statements is the most correct as it relates to innate immunity?

It is highly variable

It has numerous, highly selective specificities.

It has responses that improve with repeated exposures to the same antigen

It occurs rapidly (begins within minutes to hours of infection). (correct)

Which of the following statements is TRUE for memory (aka secondary response) to infection?

All of these statements are true. Signup and view all the answers

Choose the FALSE statement below:

Differentiated effector cells that are produced from the division of an activated lymphocyte - the parental cell - will bear receptors with a different specificity from that of the parental cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options does NOT cause vasodilation?

CXCL8 (aka IL-8) Signup and view all the answers

When a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium, the bacterium is taken up into a:

Phagosome Signup and view all the answers

Identify the mismatch between receptor and ligand:

SR-A : antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Which adhesion molecule is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and is responsible for TIGHT binding of circulating leukocytes during the emigration phase of inflammation?

ICAM-1 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which vascular permeability increases during inflammation?

Dilation of pre-capillary sphincters Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs):

NOD-like receptors can sense PAMPs and DAMPs in the cytosol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types is first to leave the bloodstream and enter a site of acute inflammation?

Neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

Choose the TRUE statement regarding the membrane attack complex (MAC):

It requires a complex of C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9. Signup and view all the answers

How is the classical pathway of complement activated?

C1q attaches to an antibody that has bound a pathogen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an anti-viral activity that is promoted by a Type-1 interferon?

Increased cytotoxic T-cell proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cells does not contain HLA-1?

RBCs Signup and view all the answers

HLA-2 subtypes and indicated by the letter:

D Signup and view all the answers

The HLA protein allelic variant that is associated with a greater predisposition of celiac disease is:

HLA-DQ8 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Immunological Tolerance

Immunological tolerance is a state of unresponsiveness to specific antigens, allowing the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self.

Innate Immunity

The correct statement about innate immunity is that it provides immediate defense against infection, and it is not specific to a particular pathogen.

Memory Response

Memory response (secondary response) to infection is characterized by a more rapid and intense response compared to the primary response.

Vasodilation

Carbon dioxide does not cause vasodilation.

Phagocytosis

During phagocytosis, a phagocyte engulfs a bacterium, which is then taken up into a phagosome.

Receptor and Ligand

The mismatch between receptor and ligand is Toll-like receptor 4 and IgE.

Adhesion Molecules

Selectins are expressed on vascular endothelial cells and are responsible for loose binding of circulating leukocytes during the rolling phase of inflammation.
PECAM-1 is expressed on vascular endothelial cells and is responsible for tight binding of circulating leukocytes during the emigration phase of inflammation.

Vascular Permeability

The increase in vascular permeability during inflammation is not caused by the release of histamine.

Pattern-Recognition Receptors

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are essential for the activation of immune responses.

Acute Inflammation

Neutrophils are the first cells to leave the bloodstream and enter a site of acute inflammation.

Membrane Attack Complex

The membrane attack complex (MAC) is a pore-forming complex that inserts into the membrane of target cells, leading to their lysis.

Classical Pathway of Complement

The classical pathway of complement is activated by the binding of IgM or IgG to the surface of a pathogen.

Type-1 Interferon

Type-1 interferon does not promote the activity of cytotoxic T cells.

HLA Proteins

Red blood cells do not contain HLA-1.
HLA-2 subtypes are indicated by the letter DP.
The HLA protein allelic variant that is associated with a greater predisposition of celiac disease is HLA-DQ2.

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Description

Test your knowledge about immunological tolerance with this quiz focusing on correct statements related to the topic.