11 Questions
What is the main function of Type 1 PRRs in the cognitive phase of innate immunity?
Initiating complement activation by binding to bacterial carbohydrates
How are Type 1 PRRs different from Type 2 PRRs in the cognitive phase of innate immunity?
They are secreted and circulate in blood and lymph
Which protein is an example of a Type 1 PRR that binds to carbohydrates on bacteria to initiate complement activation?
Mannan binding lectin
Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) located?
On macrophages, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells
What is the function of Nod-like receptors (NLRs)?
Recognizing specific PAMPs
What do RIG-like receptors (RLRs) recognize?
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
What type of patterns are recognized by PRRs?
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
What is the characteristic of innate immune responses in terms of antigen recognition?
Recognize antigens based on common structural motifs.
Which type of immune response has a second response against a pathogen that is better, faster, and stronger than the first?
Adaptive
What is a characteristic feature of adaptive immune responses?
Cells express a unique antigen receptor
Which type of cells are involved in innate immune responses?
Mast cells
Test your knowledge on pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), and RIG-like receptors (RLRs) involved in innate immunity. Explore the activation of signal transduction and expression of cytokine genes upon binding to pathogens.
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