3 Questions
Which TLR is specific for gram-negative lipopolysaccharides?
TLR4
Which cells are important in defense against parasites?
Eosinophils and basophils
Which cells act as antigen-presenting cells and produce regulatory cytokines?
Dendritic cells
Study Notes
- TLR2 recognizes lipoteichoic acid in gram-positive bacteria, TLR3 engages dsRNA in viral replication, TLR1 and TLR6 recognize diacyl peptides in mycoplasma, TLR4 is specific for gram-negative lipopolysaccharides, and TLR5 recognizes...
- Phagocytes in the immune system include monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes (PMNs, eosinophils, and basophils), and dendritic cells.
- Effective innate immunity is rapid, nonspecific, and short-lived, and involves phagocytosis.
- Granulocytes contain densely staining granules and PMNs are important phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens within intracellular vesicles.
- Eosinophils and basophils are less abundant and are important in defense against parasites.
- Dendritic cells are phagocytic and can degrade pathogens, but their main role is to activate T cells in the adaptive immune response.
- Phagocytes are key elements of effective innate immunity.
- PMNs have a short half-life.
- Eosinophils and basophils contain granules with enzymes and toxic proteins that can be released upon activation.
- Dendritic cells act as antigen-presenting cells and produce regulatory cytokines.
Test your knowledge on the immune system's first line of defense with this quiz on phagocytes and Toll-like receptors (TLRs). From recognizing gram-positive bacteria to activating T cells in the adaptive immune response, learn about the different roles of monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells. Discover the key elements of effective innate immunity, including phagocytosis and the release of toxic proteins from eosinophils and basophils. Challenge yourself with this quiz
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