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Questions and Answers
Which TLR is specific for gram-negative lipopolysaccharides?
Which TLR is specific for gram-negative lipopolysaccharides?
- TLR3
- TLR5
- TLR2
- TLR4 (correct)
Which cells are important in defense against parasites?
Which cells are important in defense against parasites?
- Dendritic cells
- Eosinophils and basophils (correct)
- Macrophages
- Monocytes
Which cells act as antigen-presenting cells and produce regulatory cytokines?
Which cells act as antigen-presenting cells and produce regulatory cytokines?
- Macrophages
- Monocytes
- Dendritic cells (correct)
- Eosinophils and basophils
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Study Notes
- TLR2 recognizes lipoteichoic acid in gram-positive bacteria, TLR3 engages dsRNA in viral replication, TLR1 and TLR6 recognize diacyl peptides in mycoplasma, TLR4 is specific for gram-negative lipopolysaccharides, and TLR5 recognizes...
- Phagocytes in the immune system include monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes (PMNs, eosinophils, and basophils), and dendritic cells.
- Effective innate immunity is rapid, nonspecific, and short-lived, and involves phagocytosis.
- Granulocytes contain densely staining granules and PMNs are important phagocytic cells that destroy pathogens within intracellular vesicles.
- Eosinophils and basophils are less abundant and are important in defense against parasites.
- Dendritic cells are phagocytic and can degrade pathogens, but their main role is to activate T cells in the adaptive immune response.
- Phagocytes are key elements of effective innate immunity.
- PMNs have a short half-life.
- Eosinophils and basophils contain granules with enzymes and toxic proteins that can be released upon activation.
- Dendritic cells act as antigen-presenting cells and produce regulatory cytokines.
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