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Questions and Answers

What is homeostasis?

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.

Which of the following is NOT controlled by homeostasis in the human body?

Blood glucose concentration
Body temperature
Hair color (correct)
Water levels

What type of communication is involved in the automatic control systems?

Nervous and hormonal communication

Match the control system with its function:

Receptors = Cells that detect stimuli (changes in the environment) Coordination centers = Process the information received from the receptors Effectors = Bring about responses to bring the conditions in the body back to optimum levels Signup and view all the answers

The nervous system coordinates actions only in response to external stimuli.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are automatic responses which take place before you have time to think called?

Reflexes Signup and view all the answers

What are the gaps between two neurons?

Synapses Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by reaction time?

How long it takes you to respond to a stimulus Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain controls consciousness, intelligence, memory and language?

Cerebral cortex (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for fine movement of muscles?

Cerebellum (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain controls unconscious actions such as breathing and heart rate?

Medulla (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of scan can be used to create an image of the brain, showing which part is affected by a tumour?

MRI (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the layer of light sensitive cells found at the back of the eye?

Retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the optic nerve?

It carries the impulses from the retina to the brain to create an image. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris?

Muscles that surround the pupil, contract or relax to alter the size of the pupil Signup and view all the answers

Name two eye defects that are caused when light cannot focus on the retina.

Myopia and Hyperopia Signup and view all the answers

What is the thermoregulatory centre?

The part of the brain which monitors and controls body temperature Signup and view all the answers

How does vasodilation help when the body temperature is too high?

More blood flows closer to the surface of the skin, resulting in increased energy transfer from the body Signup and view all the answers

How does vasoconstriction help when the body temperature is too low?

Blood does not flow so close to the surface, resulting in less heat lost Signup and view all the answers

The endocrine system sends which type of chemical messengers around the body?

Hormones (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pituitary gland?

Secretes hormones into the blood to either have an effect on the body or act on other glands to stimulate them to produce different hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes adrenaline?

Adrenal gland Signup and view all the answers

What causes an increase in glucose levels in the blood?

Eating foods that contain carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

What happens when glucose levels decrease?

The pancreas produces the hormone glucagon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of type 1 diabetes?

Constant hunger (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT a treatment for type 2 Diabetes?

Insulin injections (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which water molecules move from a place where they are in high concentration to a place where they are in low concentration?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

State the function of the kidneys?

Maintaining the balance of water and other substances in the body Signup and view all the answers

What happens during kidney failure?

Your kidneys stop working Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of dialysis?

The function of the kidneys is carried out using an artificial membrane Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of kidney transplants?

Providing the individual with a healthy kidney Signup and view all the answers

What are the main male and female reproductive hormones respectively?

Testosterone and Oestrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the menstrual cycle?

The process the body undergoes each month to prepare for a potential pregnancy. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Causes the maturation of an egg in the ovary, within a structure called a follicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of oestrogen?

Causes the lining of the uterus to grow again Signup and view all the answers

When is progesterone released?

In the ovaries and secreted from the egg follicle. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the contraceptive mixed pill?

The oestrogen levels are constantly high, inhibiting FSH so no eggs mature. Signup and view all the answers

Give a non-hormonal method of contraception.

Chemical methods involve spermicides Signup and view all the answers

Name a surgical method of contraception?

Male and female sterilisation Signup and view all the answers

Examples of hormones used in fertility drugs.

FSH and LH Signup and view all the answers

How does adrenaline function in the body?

Adrenaline is produced in times of stress, and stimulates the ‘fight or flight' response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of auxins?

Used as weed killers Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of gibberellins?

Ending seed dormancy Signup and view all the answers

Describe the ripening process using ethene plant hormones.

When it is needed to be sold, fruit is exposed to ethene and warmer temperatures. Ethene is involved in controlling cell division and stimulates enzymes that result in fruit ripening. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Homeostasis

Maintenance of a constant internal environment despite changes.

Receptors

Cells that detect stimuli in the environment.