Information Processing in the Motor System
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Questions and Answers

What are the three discrete stages of information processing in the motor system?

  • Stimulus identification, Response selection, Response programming (correct)
  • Stimulus analysis, Response programming, Feedback generation
  • Response execution, Response perception, Motor planning
  • Input selection, Reaction timing, Movement execution

In the stimulus identification stage, which process is primarily involved?

  • Organizing a response plan
  • Calculating movement execution time
  • Analyzing various sources of stimuli (correct)
  • Deciding which muscles to activate

How does the response selection stage primarily contribute to the information processing?

  • It generates feedback for future movements.
  • It estimates the timing of signal responses.
  • It transforms sensory inputs into movement outputs. (correct)
  • It assembles a physical response to stimuli.

What is the role of lower level mechanisms in the response programming stage?

<p>To organize the entire motor system for movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reaction time (RT) primarily measure?

<p>How long it takes to prepare and initiate a movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are included in measuring reaction time?

<p>Pre-motor time and motor time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT considered during the stimulus identification stage?

<p>Translating inputs into corresponding actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of motor processing, what does the term 'pre-motor time' refer to?

<p>The time required to retrieve and organize the action plan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of responses may be selected during response selection stage?

<p>Conscious decisions like catching or passing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes 'movement time' in relation to reaction time?

<p>It occurs after the initiation of a response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes Hick's Law?

<p>Reaction time increases with the number of stimulus-response alternatives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main conclusion of Fitts' Law regarding speed and accuracy?

<p>There is a trade-off between speed and accuracy in movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information about reaction time paradigms, which type of reaction time is measured when there is one stimulus and a corresponding single response?

<p>Simple RT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the distance of movement have on reaction time?

<p>Longer distances generally increase movement time and influence accuracy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best summarizes the relationship between movement time and accuracy as studied by Woodworth?

<p>As movement speed increases, the accuracy of line-drawing decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of stimulus-response pairs affect choice reaction time?

<p>Increased pairs lead to longer reaction times. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of rapid, continuous movements, what role does visual feedback play?

<p>It aids in tracking the accuracy of movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the speed-accuracy trade-off?

<p>To illustrate that as speed increases, accuracy often decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a longer choice reaction time suggest about the stimulus-response alternatives?

<p>There are multiple stimulus-response pairs involved. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential in Fitts' experiments concerning targeting accuracy?

<p>The width of the targets influences movement time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Information Processing in the Motor System

  • Three stages of information processing:
    • Stimulus identification
    • Response selection
    • Response programming

Stimulus identification

  • Representation of environmental information
    • Performer determines if information (stimulus) is present and how to identify it
    • Analysis of stimuli from various sources, including visual, tactile, auditory, proprioceptive, olfaction, etc.
    • Components of stimulus dimension (edges/colours, direction, speed)

Response Selection

  • Translation of inputs (sensory modalities) to movement outputs
    • Performer decides what response should be made
    • Determines if a response is needed
    • Selects the appropriate response

Response Programming

  • Mechanisms retrieve and organize the plan of action to control movements
    • Signals sent to muscles include timing, force, etc.
    • Task: organize the motor system to produce desired movement
    • Lower-level mechanisms (brainstem, spinal cord)

Reaction Time (RT)

  • Time to prepare and initiate a movement from stimulus onset
    • Used to identify environmental context and response initiation
    • Assess individual's ability to anticipate actions and initiate responses
    • Independent of movement time (MT)
  • Types of reaction time paradigms:
    • Simple RT
    • Choice RT
    • Discrimination RT

Factors Influencing RT (Decision Making)

  • Number of stimulus-response (SR) alternatives
    • Different stimuli (lights, etc.) require different responses.
    • Increase in the number of pairs results in slower movements
  • Hick’s Law
    • Shortest RT when only one stimulus and one response
    • RT increases with more S-R alternatives

Speed of Reaction Time and Movement Accuracy

  • Time required for a movement changes as distance to be moved increases
  • Speed-Accuracy Trade-off
    • As movement speed increases, accuracy typically declines
    • Woodworth (1899) showed that accuracy decreases with increasing line drawing speed.
    • Fitts' Law (1954) mathematically described this trade-off

Speed-Accuracy Trade-off for Rapid Continuous Movements

  • Fitts' Experiment
    • Subjects tapped between two targets for a set time.
    • Wider targets led to faster movement times (MT) compared to narrower targets.
    • Visual feedback is used to "home in" on the target
  • Fitt's Law
    • Describes the integration of open and closed loop control processes (ballistic and more decelerating control to target)

Causes of Accuracy Deficits with Speed

  • Requires further exploration

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Explore the three key stages of information processing in the motor system: stimulus identification, response selection, and response programming. This quiz will help you understand how sensory information is translated into effective motor responses and the mechanisms behind motor control.

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