Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the three main needs coordinated by the pentose phosphate pathway?
What are the three main needs coordinated by the pentose phosphate pathway?
- Glucose breakdown, pentose breakdown, and CO2 production
- Glycolysis, lipid biosynthesis, and immune response
- Protein synthesis, ATP synthesis, and cell division
- Ribose synthesis, NADPH synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism (correct)
What is produced at each step in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What is produced at each step in the oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway?
- One molecule of G-6-P
- One molecule of ATP
- Two molecules of CO2
- One molecule of NADPH (correct)
What is the main role of NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?
What is the main role of NADPH produced in the pentose phosphate pathway?
- Used in protein synthesis
- Used in ATP synthesis
- Used in glycolysis
- Used in lipid biosynthetic pathways (correct)
What does the pentose phosphate pathway provide a way for, other than glycolysis or gluconeogenesis?
What does the pentose phosphate pathway provide a way for, other than glycolysis or gluconeogenesis?
What are lectins?
What are lectins?
What is the average size of lectins?
What is the average size of lectins?
Where do many lectins come from?
Where do many lectins come from?
What is ricin?
What is ricin?
Where are glycolipids found?
Where are glycolipids found?
What do ABO blood group antigens result from?
What do ABO blood group antigens result from?
What does the ABO blood group system classify blood types based on?
What does the ABO blood group system classify blood types based on?
What can happen if someone receives the wrong blood type?
What can happen if someone receives the wrong blood type?
What is indicated by the ABO letters followed by a (+) or (−) symbol?
What is indicated by the ABO letters followed by a (+) or (−) symbol?
What is the function of lectins?
What is the function of lectins?
What is the lethal dose of ricin?
What is the lethal dose of ricin?
What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?
What is the role of glycolipids in the plasma membrane?
Which pathway has two stages: oxidative and non-oxidative, producing NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate?
Which pathway has two stages: oxidative and non-oxidative, producing NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate?
Where are glycoproteins initially modified?
Where are glycoproteins initially modified?
How are N-linked glycoproteins linked to carbohydrates?
How are N-linked glycoproteins linked to carbohydrates?
What are the roles of xylulose-5-phosphate and ChREBP in carbohydrate metabolism?
What are the roles of xylulose-5-phosphate and ChREBP in carbohydrate metabolism?
What do glycoconjugates include?
What do glycoconjugates include?
What can glycosylations in proteins regulate?
What can glycosylations in proteins regulate?
Where are ABO blood group antigens predominantly found?
Where are ABO blood group antigens predominantly found?
What is the ABO blood group system composed of?
What is the ABO blood group system composed of?
Why are people with blood type O considered universal donors?
Why are people with blood type O considered universal donors?
What is the function of protein phosphatase 2A in carbohydrate metabolism?
What is the function of protein phosphatase 2A in carbohydrate metabolism?
What are the products of the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What are the products of the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway?
What do glycoproteins and glycolipids have in common?
What do glycoproteins and glycolipids have in common?
What is the main cause of influenza?
What is the main cause of influenza?
What is the function of neuraminidase in the influenza virus?
What is the function of neuraminidase in the influenza virus?
What is the main function of drugs targeting neuraminidase?
What is the main function of drugs targeting neuraminidase?
What is the major component of the extracellular matrix?
What is the major component of the extracellular matrix?
What is the role of hyaluronic acid in the body?
What is the role of hyaluronic acid in the body?
What gives proteoglycans the ability to absorb water?
What gives proteoglycans the ability to absorb water?
Which glycoprotein binds to sialic acid residues on cell surfaces?
Which glycoprotein binds to sialic acid residues on cell surfaces?
What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?
What is the function of hemagglutinin in the influenza virus?
What is the role of proteoglycans in the body?
What is the role of proteoglycans in the body?
What is the function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
What is the function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?
What is the function of neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza treatment?
What is the function of neuraminidase inhibitors in influenza treatment?
What is the effect of the influenza A virus on respiratory cells?
What is the effect of the influenza A virus on respiratory cells?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Influenza and Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Understanding the Disease and Drug Development
- Influenza causes over half a million deaths annually and can infect up to 20% of the population in a year
- The 1918 outbreak of influenza killed 50 to 100 million people, more than 1% of the world's population
- Influenza is caused by the influenza A virus, which attacks respiratory cells and releases pro-inflammatory cytokines
- The virus has an envelope with glycoproteins, including hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
- Hemagglutinin binds to sialic acid residues on cell surfaces, facilitating viral entry into host cells
- Neuraminidase is a hydrolytic enzyme that cleaves sialic acid residues, enabling virus release and preventing viral binding
- Drugs targeting neuraminidase inhibit its function and reduce severity and duration of influenza symptoms
- Proteoglycans are a major component of the extracellular matrix, consisting of glycosaminoglycans and protein cores
- Proteoglycans have extensive carbohydrate modifications and create an extensive macromolecular network
- Hyaluronic acid is a non-proteoglycan polysaccharide that lacks the protein component found in proteoglycans
- Proteoglycans often carry an overall negative charge due to oxidized carbohydrates with sodium counter ions, drawing water into the structure
- The ability of proteoglycans to absorb water serves various functions in the body
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
