Influence of Mood and Motivation on Thinking and Decisions

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What is a distinctive feature of the semantic-differential scale in measuring attitudes?

Requesting participants to recall past experiences

Using a series of negative to positive response scales (correct)

Asking respondents to indicate their agreement level

Measuring attitudes indirectly through behavior observations

In the Likert scale, what is the response range typically between?

Negative and positive

Unpleasant and pleasant

Dislike and like

Strongly disagree and strongly agree (correct)

Why might individuals not always be aware of their true attitudes when measured through explicit measures?

They prefer to keep their attitudes private

They want to align with their culture's views

They fear judgment from their peers

They are undecided or have not thought about a particular issue (correct)

Which limitation of explicit attitude measures is highlighted in the text?

Individuals are not always aware of their true attitudes Signup and view all the answers

What may prevent individuals from admitting to their true attitudes according to the text?

Social desirability bias Signup and view all the answers

How do sociopolitical issues present challenges in measuring attitudes according to the text?

Participants fear expressing true attitudes due to social consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is an implicit attitude?

An attitude that a person expresses nonconsciously Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone have an implicitly negative attitude towards their job?

As a result of negative associations not consciously expressed Signup and view all the answers

How do implicit measures of attitudes differ from explicit measures?

Implicit measures infer attitudes without direct participant reporting Signup and view all the answers

What does a faster categorization of an attitude object as negative compared to positive imply?

A closer relationship between negative concepts and the object Signup and view all the answers

Which test is commonly used to measure implicit attitudes?

Implicit Association Test (IAT) Signup and view all the answers

How are implicit attitudes typically measured in the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?

Through recording the reaction time in categorizing objects as positive or negative Signup and view all the answers

What is an attitude according to Eagly & Chaiken?

A tendency to evaluate something with favor or disfavor Signup and view all the answers

How can a negative attitude affect one's behavior towards a disliked object?

Bias towards avoiding the object Signup and view all the answers

Can a negative attitude towards an object be changed?

Yes, it can change based on new experiences Signup and view all the answers

In what ways do attitudes bias our responses?

By predisposing us to have a particular response Signup and view all the answers

How would encountering a delicious mushroom dish impact one's negative attitude towards mushrooms?

It could change the negative attitude to positive Signup and view all the answers

Do attitudes always influence actions towards objects or persons?

Attitudes sometimes guide but not always dictate actions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of human cognition can affect decision-making, according to the text?

Mood and motivations Signup and view all the answers

How can our mood shape our thinking, as per the text?

Regardless of its relevance to the judgment Signup and view all the answers

What role do motivations play in our thinking, according to the text?

They influence our thinking regardless of our preference for the outcome Signup and view all the answers

How can our behaviors be determined, according to the text?

By a combination of unconscious processes and intentional decisions Signup and view all the answers

What can we be unaware of, according to the text?

How our behaviors are influenced by our motives and moods Signup and view all the answers

What has research found about our behaviors, according to the text?

They are determined by a combination of unconscious processes and intentional decisions Signup and view all the answers

What term describes making a concept more cognitively accessible by exposing participants to strongly associated concepts?

Priming Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are examples of priming according to the text?

Doctor and nurse Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between schemas and stereotypes?

Schemas are expectations about groups, stereotypes are general beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

How do stereotypes differ from schemas in terms of their influence on behavior?

Stereotypes lead to automatic behaviors, schemas don't. Signup and view all the answers

Why can relying solely on stereotypes be problematic according to the text?

Because stereotypes may guide judgments unconsciously. Signup and view all the answers

In cognitive psychology, what does the term 'primed' refer to?

Making a concept more cognitively accessible Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of priming in cognitive psychology?

To make certain concepts more easily recognized Signup and view all the answers

How do stereotypes contribute to our cognitive processes according to the text?

By shaping our expectations unconsciously Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible negative consequence of relying on stereotypes according to the text?

Potential for inaccurate assumptions Signup and view all the answers

How do schemas differ from stereotypes according to the text?

Schemas focus on individual characteristics, stereotypes focus on group characteristics Signup and view all the answers