34 Questions
What is a distinctive feature of the semantic-differential scale in measuring attitudes?
Using a series of negative to positive response scales
In the Likert scale, what is the response range typically between?
Strongly disagree and strongly agree
Why might individuals not always be aware of their true attitudes when measured through explicit measures?
They are undecided or have not thought about a particular issue
Which limitation of explicit attitude measures is highlighted in the text?
Individuals are not always aware of their true attitudes
What may prevent individuals from admitting to their true attitudes according to the text?
Social desirability bias
How do sociopolitical issues present challenges in measuring attitudes according to the text?
Participants fear expressing true attitudes due to social consequences
What is an implicit attitude?
An attitude that a person expresses nonconsciously
Why might someone have an implicitly negative attitude towards their job?
As a result of negative associations not consciously expressed
How do implicit measures of attitudes differ from explicit measures?
Implicit measures infer attitudes without direct participant reporting
What does a faster categorization of an attitude object as negative compared to positive imply?
A closer relationship between negative concepts and the object
Which test is commonly used to measure implicit attitudes?
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
How are implicit attitudes typically measured in the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?
Through recording the reaction time in categorizing objects as positive or negative
What is an attitude according to Eagly & Chaiken?
A tendency to evaluate something with favor or disfavor
How can a negative attitude affect one's behavior towards a disliked object?
Bias towards avoiding the object
Can a negative attitude towards an object be changed?
Yes, it can change based on new experiences
In what ways do attitudes bias our responses?
By predisposing us to have a particular response
How would encountering a delicious mushroom dish impact one's negative attitude towards mushrooms?
It could change the negative attitude to positive
Do attitudes always influence actions towards objects or persons?
Attitudes sometimes guide but not always dictate actions
Which aspect of human cognition can affect decision-making, according to the text?
Mood and motivations
How can our mood shape our thinking, as per the text?
Regardless of its relevance to the judgment
What role do motivations play in our thinking, according to the text?
They influence our thinking regardless of our preference for the outcome
How can our behaviors be determined, according to the text?
By a combination of unconscious processes and intentional decisions
What can we be unaware of, according to the text?
How our behaviors are influenced by our motives and moods
What has research found about our behaviors, according to the text?
They are determined by a combination of unconscious processes and intentional decisions
What term describes making a concept more cognitively accessible by exposing participants to strongly associated concepts?
Priming
Which of the following are examples of priming according to the text?
Doctor and nurse
What is the main difference between schemas and stereotypes?
Schemas are expectations about groups, stereotypes are general beliefs.
How do stereotypes differ from schemas in terms of their influence on behavior?
Stereotypes lead to automatic behaviors, schemas don't.
Why can relying solely on stereotypes be problematic according to the text?
Because stereotypes may guide judgments unconsciously.
In cognitive psychology, what does the term 'primed' refer to?
Making a concept more cognitively accessible
What is the main purpose of priming in cognitive psychology?
To make certain concepts more easily recognized
How do stereotypes contribute to our cognitive processes according to the text?
By shaping our expectations unconsciously
What is a possible negative consequence of relying on stereotypes according to the text?
Potential for inaccurate assumptions
How do schemas differ from stereotypes according to the text?
Schemas focus on individual characteristics, stereotypes focus on group characteristics
Explore how our mood and motivations can impact our thinking and decision-making processes, even when we are not consciously aware of it. Uncover the ways in which mood can shape our judgment and motivations can influence our preferences, leading to unconscious behaviors.
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