30 Questions
What did the study by Hart & Morry (1997) find?
When both White and Black speakers performed poorly, the Black speaker was evaluated more negatively than the White speaker.
What is the main purpose of the Implicit Association Test (IAT)?
To measure the strength of associations between concepts and evaluations or stereotypes.
How does the IAT work?
Participants sort words into categories by pressing keys, and their reaction times are used as a proxy for the strength of associations.
What did the study by Correll et al. (2006) find?
Participants more often mistakenly shot Black targets holding harmless objects.
What did the study by Payne (2006) find?
When primed with Black faces, people were more likely to think of guns.
What is a key finding across the studies discussed?
Implicit biases and prejudices can lead to discriminatory behaviors, even in the absence of explicit biases.
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for groupthink?
Encouraging critical evaluation
What is the foot-in-the-door technique?
Making a small request followed by a larger request
In Milgram's shock studies, what was the role of the participant who was not the 'teacher'?
The learner
What is compliance?
Behaviour that occurs in response to direct social pressure
What is the 'that's-not-all' technique?
Offering a deal at an inflated price
In Milgram's shock studies, what was the purpose of the shock generator?
To study the effects of punishment on learning
What can racial discrimination in hiring practices result in?
More favorable treatment toward privileged/majority groups
What type of behavior did White interviewers exhibit towards Black job applicants in the first phase of the study?
Less eye contact, more physical distance, and shorter interview times
What was the key finding from the second phase of the study?
White applicants performed worse when treated the same as Black applicants in Phase 1
According to Social Identity Theory, how do people use group membership?
As a source of pride and a means to boost their sense of self-worth
What is an example of racial discrimination mentioned in the text?
Security in stores following young people of a certain age, race, or ethnic background
What was the dependent variable (DV) in the first phase of the study?
Non-verbal behavior immediacy (eye gaze, shoulder turn, distance) and speech errors
What is the key principle of cognitive dissonance theory?
We are motivated to maintain consistency between our attitudes and behavior.
In the Insufficient Justification Study, what was the key difference between the two conditions?
The participants were paid $1 in one condition and $20 in the other.
What are the four ways people can reduce cognitive dissonance?
Modifying one or both cognitions, changing the perceived importance of one cognition, adding additional cognitions, and denying the relationship between the two cognitions.
What is the key role of schemas in social cognition?
Schemas help us make sense of others and ourselves by providing a framework for interpreting new information.
What is the key prediction of cognitive dissonance theory in the Insufficient Justification Study?
Participants will be more likely to say the task is interesting in the $1 condition compared to the $20 condition.
What is the main conclusion of the Insufficient Justification Study?
Behavior can influence attitudes, even when there is little justification for the behavior.
What provides a greater sense of meaning and happiness than any other human experience?
Forming close bonds and connections with others
Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as increasing liking between individuals?
Financial stability
Which of the following statements about gender differences in friendships is correct?
Historically, women have tended to center friendships around disclosure, while men have tended to center friendships around shared activities.
According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory of Love, which of the following is NOT one of the three components that combine to form different kinds of love?
Physical attractiveness
What does the text suggest about online dating compared to traditional dating?
Research has been mixed on whether online dating has better results than traditional dating.
Which of the following is a potential drawback of online dating?
Online dating profiles reduce individuals to two-dimensional displays of information.
Test your knowledge on how attitudes and behavior can influence each other with a focus on the Insufficient Justification Study by Festinger & Carlsmith in 1959. Explore scenarios where behavior impacts attitudes and vice versa.
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