34 Questions
What are the three steps involved in phagocytosis?
Recognition and attachment, engulfment, killing or degradation
Which type of cells are involved in phagocytosis?
Neutrophils, Macrophages
What is the main cellular infiltrate in Acute Inflammation?
Neutrophils
What is the predominant cell type in Chronic Inflammation?
Monocytes/Macrophages & lymphocytes
How would you classify inflammation based on its duration?
Acute and chronic
Which type of immunity is associated with Acute Inflammation?
Innate immunity
What is the usual outcome of Chronic Inflammation?
Tissue destruction, fibrosis, necrosis
Which type of inflammatory reaction shows a rapid onset?
Acute Inflammation
What is the duration of Chronic Inflammation compared to Acute Inflammation?
Weeks/months/years
Which component of acute inflammation involves the alteration in permeability of microvasculature?
Microvascular Changes
Inflammatory mediators are classified into which two main categories based on their origin?
Cell-derived and Plasma-derived mediators
What do active inflammatory mediators help in response to various injurious stimuli?
Trigger inflammation
Which effect can inflammatory mediators have on blood vessels?
Vasodilation
What is the main purpose of inflammatory mediators binding to specific receptors?
Stimulate release of other mediators
Which cellular process involves emigration, accumulation, and activation of white blood cells at the site of injury?
Cellular Events
What triggers the production and release of active inflammatory mediators?
Damaged tissues and microbes
What is the main effect of vasoactive amines like histamine during inflammation?
Vasodilatation
Which cell types are the sources of histamine in the context of inflammation?
Mast cells, basophils, and platelets
What is the role of arachidonic acid derivatives like prostaglandins in inflammation?
Mediate vasodilation, pain, fever
What is the main function of cytokines?
Modulate the functions of other cell types
Which of the following is a role of leukotrienes in inflammation?
Mediate increased vascular permeability
What is a notable effect of platelet-activating factors (PAF) in inflammation?
Vasodilation
Which type of cytokines are produced by monocytes/macrophages?
Monokines
What is the role of Interferons (INF) among cytokines?
Inhibit virus replication and activate macrophages
Which cell types primarily produce Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) during inflammation?
Mast cells and neutrophils
Which cytokine is involved in killing tumor cells but can also lead to weight loss?
Tumor necrosis factors
What is the source of the vasoactive amine histamine during an inflammatory response?
Granules of platelets and leukocytes
What is the function of Nitric Oxide (NO) in inflammation?
Act as a vasodilator
What is the function of nitric oxide (NO) in the context of inflammation?
Inducing smooth muscle relaxation
What must be done to plasma protein-derived mediators before they become active in inflammation?
Transform them into an active form with an activator
How do Arachidonic Acid (AA) derivatives contribute to inflammation?
Mediate various stages of inflammation
Which type of cytokines act between leukocytes?
Interleukins (IL)
What are the Cell-Derived Mediators of Inflammation?
Cytokines
Which type of cell produces nitric oxide (NO) in inflammation?
Macrophages
Test your knowledge on cell-derived mediators involved in the inflammatory response, including vasoactive amines, arachidonic acid derivatives, platelet-activating factor, cytokines, and nitric oxide. Learn about the processes of vasoconstriction, altered vascular permeability, activation of inflammatory cells, chemotaxis, cytotoxicity, tissue degradation, pain, and fever.
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