30 Questions
What is the primary function of lymphatics in inflammation?
To drain edema
What is the characteristic of a transudate?
Low protein content
What is the primary function of fibrinogen in inflammatory exudates?
To help in trapping the microorganism and localize the infection
What is the role of PECAM-1 in transendothelial migration?
To bind with leukocytes and endothelial cells
What is the characteristic of an exudate?
High protein content
What is the function of prostaglandins in inflammation?
To cause pain and fever
What is the primary function of selectins in neutrophil extravasation?
To facilitate rolling of neutrophils on endothelium
What is the consequence of the interaction between chemoattractants and leukocyte receptors?
Clustering and conformational change of integrins on leukocytes
What is the primary function of integrins in neutrophil extravasation?
To facilitate firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium
What is the purpose of the rolling stage in neutrophil extravasation?
To slow down neutrophils and allow for integrin-mediated adhesion
What is the result of the binding of integrins to Ig-family members during neutrophil extravasation?
Firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium
What is the sequence of events in neutrophil extravasation?
Rolling, activation, firm adhesion, transendothelial migration
What is the primary function of TNF and IL-1 in inflammation?
To signal to endothelial cells to increase permeability and adhesion of leukocytes
What is the result of IL-6 signaling to endothelial cells?
Induction of the acute phase response
What is the role of regulatory T cells in inflammation?
To inhibit the activity of innate immune cells
What is the outcome of the negative regulation of inflammation?
Resolution of inflammation and tissue repair
What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?
To reduce inflammation and promote resolution
What is the result of the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines?
Induction of the production of glucocorticoids
What is the primary purpose of active vasodilatation of arterioles and capillaries during inflammation?
To facilitate the delivery of chemical mediators and leukocytes
What is the result of the outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues during inflammation?
Increased concentration of RBCs in small vessels and increased viscosity of blood
What is the primary function of T and B cells in the circulation during inflammation?
To increase the chances of encountering their antigens and leaving the blood to enter the lymph node or site of damage
What is the result of the slowing of the circulation during inflammation?
Outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues and increased viscosity of blood
What is the primary function of neutrophils during inflammation?
To kill microbes and promote the margination of leukocytes
What is the final step of leukocyte exudation during inflammation?
Leukocytes entering the lymph node or site of damage to control damage and promote repair
What is the composition of pus?
Partly or completely liquefied dead tissue mixed with dead or dying neutrophils and living or dead bacteria
What is the difference between a boil and a carbuncle?
A boil is smaller and a carbuncle is larger
What is the term for the spreading of pus to adjacent areas?
Diffused inflammation
What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?
Blocking prostaglandin synthesis
What is the therapeutic effect of agents that block TNF?
Effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease
What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?
Anti-inflammatory
Understand the pathogenesis of inflammation, including the vascular and cellular responses triggered by chemical factors. Learn about the three main processes that occur at the site of inflammation, leading to increased blood flow, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
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