Inflammation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of lymphatics in inflammation?

  • To release histamine
  • To produce inflammatory mediators
  • To bring leukocytes to the inflamed area
  • To drain edema (correct)

    • What is the characteristic of a transudate?

  • Presence of cellular debris
  • High protein content
  • Presence of inflammatory cells
  • Low protein content (correct)

    • What is the primary function of fibrinogen in inflammatory exudates?

  • To dilute the invading microorganism
  • To bring antibodies to the inflamed area
  • To help in trapping the microorganism and localize the infection (correct)
  • To produce prostaglandins

    • What is the role of PECAM-1 in transendothelial migration?

    <p>To bind with leukocytes and endothelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of an exudate?

    <p>High protein content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of prostaglandins in inflammation?

    <p>To cause pain and fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of selectins in neutrophil extravasation?

    <p>To facilitate rolling of neutrophils on endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the interaction between chemoattractants and leukocyte receptors?

    <p>Clustering and conformational change of integrins on leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of integrins in neutrophil extravasation?

    <p>To facilitate firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the rolling stage in neutrophil extravasation?

    <p>To slow down neutrophils and allow for integrin-mediated adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the binding of integrins to Ig-family members during neutrophil extravasation?

    <p>Firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events in neutrophil extravasation?

    <p>Rolling, activation, firm adhesion, transendothelial migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of TNF and IL-1 in inflammation?

    <p>To signal to endothelial cells to increase permeability and adhesion of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of IL-6 signaling to endothelial cells?

    <p>Induction of the acute phase response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of regulatory T cells in inflammation?

    <p>To inhibit the activity of innate immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the negative regulation of inflammation?

    <p>Resolution of inflammation and tissue repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?

    <p>To reduce inflammation and promote resolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines?

    <p>Induction of the production of glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of active vasodilatation of arterioles and capillaries during inflammation?

    <p>To facilitate the delivery of chemical mediators and leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues during inflammation?

    <p>Increased concentration of RBCs in small vessels and increased viscosity of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of T and B cells in the circulation during inflammation?

    <p>To increase the chances of encountering their antigens and leaving the blood to enter the lymph node or site of damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the slowing of the circulation during inflammation?

    <p>Outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues and increased viscosity of blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of neutrophils during inflammation?

    <p>To kill microbes and promote the margination of leukocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final step of leukocyte exudation during inflammation?

    <p>Leukocytes entering the lymph node or site of damage to control damage and promote repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of pus?

    <p>Partly or completely liquefied dead tissue mixed with dead or dying neutrophils and living or dead bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a boil and a carbuncle?

    <p>A boil is smaller and a carbuncle is larger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spreading of pus to adjacent areas?

    <p>Diffused inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

    <p>Blocking prostaglandin synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic effect of agents that block TNF?

    <p>Effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

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