Inflammation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of lymphatics in inflammation?

  • To release histamine
  • To produce inflammatory mediators
  • To bring leukocytes to the inflamed area
  • To drain edema (correct)

What is the characteristic of a transudate?

  • Presence of cellular debris
  • High protein content
  • Presence of inflammatory cells
  • Low protein content (correct)

What is the primary function of fibrinogen in inflammatory exudates?

  • To dilute the invading microorganism
  • To bring antibodies to the inflamed area
  • To help in trapping the microorganism and localize the infection (correct)
  • To produce prostaglandins

What is the role of PECAM-1 in transendothelial migration?

<p>To bind with leukocytes and endothelial cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of an exudate?

<p>High protein content (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of prostaglandins in inflammation?

<p>To cause pain and fever (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of selectins in neutrophil extravasation?

<p>To facilitate rolling of neutrophils on endothelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the interaction between chemoattractants and leukocyte receptors?

<p>Clustering and conformational change of integrins on leukocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of integrins in neutrophil extravasation?

<p>To facilitate firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the rolling stage in neutrophil extravasation?

<p>To slow down neutrophils and allow for integrin-mediated adhesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the binding of integrins to Ig-family members during neutrophil extravasation?

<p>Firm adhesion of neutrophils to endothelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sequence of events in neutrophil extravasation?

<p>Rolling, activation, firm adhesion, transendothelial migration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of TNF and IL-1 in inflammation?

<p>To signal to endothelial cells to increase permeability and adhesion of leukocytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of IL-6 signaling to endothelial cells?

<p>Induction of the acute phase response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of regulatory T cells in inflammation?

<p>To inhibit the activity of innate immune cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the negative regulation of inflammation?

<p>Resolution of inflammation and tissue repair (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?

<p>To reduce inflammation and promote resolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the systemic elevation of inflammatory cytokines?

<p>Induction of the production of glucocorticoids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of active vasodilatation of arterioles and capillaries during inflammation?

<p>To facilitate the delivery of chemical mediators and leukocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues during inflammation?

<p>Increased concentration of RBCs in small vessels and increased viscosity of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T and B cells in the circulation during inflammation?

<p>To increase the chances of encountering their antigens and leaving the blood to enter the lymph node or site of damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the slowing of the circulation during inflammation?

<p>Outpouring of albumin-rich fluid into the extravascular tissues and increased viscosity of blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils during inflammation?

<p>To kill microbes and promote the margination of leukocytes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step of leukocyte exudation during inflammation?

<p>Leukocytes entering the lymph node or site of damage to control damage and promote repair (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of pus?

<p>Partly or completely liquefied dead tissue mixed with dead or dying neutrophils and living or dead bacteria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a boil and a carbuncle?

<p>A boil is smaller and a carbuncle is larger (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the spreading of pus to adjacent areas?

<p>Diffused inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of NSAIDs?

<p>Blocking prostaglandin synthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic effect of agents that block TNF?

<p>Effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glucocorticoids in inflammation?

<p>Anti-inflammatory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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