Inflammation Process: Demolition and Termination

Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason for surgically draining an abscess?

To allow for the formation of a sinus.

To reduce the risk of the abscess calcifying or ossifying.

To prevent the spread of infection to other tissues. (correct)

To facilitate the formation of a fistula.

What is a fistula?

A channel that opens to the surface of the skin.

An area of inflammation that is surrounded by fibrous tissue.

A passageway that connects two epithelial surfaces. (correct)

A collection of pus that forms in a cavity.

What is the primary characteristic of chronic inflammation?

The inflammation is caused by a persistent injury. (correct)

The inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection.

The inflammation is characterized by the formation of a sinus.

The inflammation is characterized by the formation of an abscess.

Which of the following is NOT a constituent of exudate?

Lymphocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of chemotactic factors in inflammation?

To recruit and stimulate inflammatory cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a vasoactive mediator?

Complement component C5a Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to the formation of exudate?

Increased fluidity of the ground substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a sinus and a fistula?

A sinus opens to the surface of the skin, while a fistula connects two epithelial surfaces. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of macrophages during the demolition phase of inflammation?

To remove tissue debris at the inflammation site Signup and view all the answers

What can occur if the demolition phase is delayed?

Formation of fibrous tissue adhesion Signup and view all the answers

Which mediators contribute to the termination of an acute inflammatory response?

Lipoxins and transforming growth factor-beta Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes suppuration in the context of inflammation?

It involves substantial neutrophil infiltration. Signup and view all the answers

What is pus primarily composed of?

Dead neutrophils, bacteria, and tissue debris Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a necrotic injury site due to neutrophil action?

It becomes softened and necrotic due to enzymatic action. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pyogenic membrane in an abscess?

It isolates the pus from the surrounding tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What indicates the ongoing inflammatory response in the development of an abscess?

Constant addition of fluid creating tension in the abscess. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Demolition in Inflammation

Achieved by macrophages, also known as scavenger cells, which remove all tissue debris from the site of inflammation.
Delayed demolition can lead to the replacement of fibrin and dead tissue with fibrous tissue, resulting in adhesion.

Termination of Acute Inflammatory Response

The inflammatory response must be actively terminated to prevent unnecessary tissue damage.
This is achieved through:
Cessation of chemical mediators, which have short half-lives and are degraded shortly after release.
Production of anti-inflammatory lipoxins and cytokines, such as Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β).
Cholinergic neural impulses that inhibit the production of TNF in macrophages.

Sequelae of Acute Inflammation

Resolution: the injury is removed without residual tissue damage, and everything returns to normal.

Suppuration

Commonly seen with pyogenic bacteria, characterized by marked infiltration of neutrophils.
The injury site becomes necrotic and softens due to proteolytic enzymes released from dying neutrophils and autolysis induced by tissue lysosomal enzymes.
Pus is formed, consisting of dead and dying neutrophils, dead and living bacteria, fluid exudate (fibrin), and tissue debris.
The cavity containing the pus is called an abscess, lined by an extensively inflamed living tissue called the pyogenic membrane.
Abscesses can become tense, leading to ischemic necrosis, and may eventually open into a surface, forming a sinus or fistula.

Chronic Inflammation

Caused by the persistence of injury, with inflammatory and healing processes occurring simultaneously.
Mechanisms involved in the formation of exudate include:
Increased hydrostatic pressure.
Increased vascular permeability.
Breakdown of large tissue proteins.
Increased fluidity of the ground substance, facilitating the flow of fluid into the injury site.
Constituents of exudate include fibrin, cells (mainly neutrophils), immunoglobulins, complement components, water, electrolytes, and drugs.

Chemical Mediators

Vasoactive mediators:
Histamine.
Serotonin.
Bradykinin.
Anaphylatoxins.
Prostaglandins.
Platelet-activating factors.
Chemotactic factors:
Complement components (C5a, C3a, etc.).
Recruitment and stimulation of inflammatory cells.

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Description

Learn about the demolition process in inflammation, carried out by macrophages, and the importance of terminating the acute inflammatory response to prevent tissue damage.