Inflammation Overview Quiz

These are the first mediators released in acute inflammatory reactions.

A group of lipids derived from arachidonic acid that are released by mast cells and leukocytes, causing vasodilation, pain, and fever.

A group of lipids derived from arachidonic acid that are released by mast cells and leukocytes, causing increased vascular permeability, chemotaxis, leukocyte adhesion, and activation.

A potent phospholipid mediator released by leukocytes and endothelial cells, playing a significant role in inflammation by causing vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion, chemotaxis, degranulation, and oxidative burst. It is significantly stronger than histamine.

Reactive oxygen species that are produced by leukocytes like neutrophils and macrophages. They are essential for killing microbes but can also cause tissue damage.

A gas molecule produced by endothelial cells and macrophages. It plays a vital role in vasodilation, killing microbes, and reducing leukocyte and platelet adhesion.

Small proteins secreted by cells that act as signals for communication between cells. They are produced by various immune cells and play a crucial role in inflammation.

A cytosolic multiprotein complex responsible for activating inflammatory responses.

A type of cytokine signaling where the cell communicates with itself.

A type of cytokine signaling where the cell communicates with its immediate neighbors.

The flow of blood in a smooth, parallel manner where the center of the vessel has the fastest flow and slows down towards the edges.

The tendency of leukocytes to be pushed away from the center of the blood vessel due to their larger size and slower movement compared to red blood cells.

A decrease in blood flow, allowing leukocytes more time to interact with endothelial cells in the vessel wall.

A process where leukocytes initially loosely attach to the endothelial cells, rolling along the vessel wall.

A transmembrane protein on leukocytes that interact with ligands on endothelial cells, helping leukocytes stick to the vessel wall.

A type of receptor found on both leukocytes and endothelial cells, responsible for initial binding and rolling.

The process where leukocytes move through the vessel wall and into the surrounding tissue.

The movement of leukocytes towards a chemical signal, helping them reach the site of inflammation or infection.

The process of replacing damaged tissue with fibrous connective tissue, primarily collagen, in response to injury or damage.

A process by which the body repairs damaged tissue, either by completely replacing the damaged components or by forming a scar.

The ability of cells and tissues to divide and multiply, enabling the body to replace damaged cells during tissue repair.

Specialized proteins that stimulate cell growth and differentiation, crucial for tissue repair.

A complex network of proteins and molecules that provides structural support and regulates cell behavior, essential for tissue repair.

A state of excessive scarring that exceeds the normal wound healing response to injury.

A group of proteins whose levels in the blood increase or decrease in response to inflammation, infections, injuries, or burns, providing clues about the body's response.

A protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, its levels increase during infection or injury, helping the body fight off infections.

A protective response to eliminate the cause of injury and necrotic cells or tissues. It helps to destroy harmful agents and initiates healing.

The process of inflammation is characterized by redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. These symptoms are caused by increased blood flow, vascular permeability, and leukocyte migration to the site of injury.

Chemical mediators of inflammation are molecules that are released during the inflammatory response. They trigger and regulate the inflammatory process by binding to specific receptors on target cells.

Histamine, a chemical mediator of inflammation, is stored in mast cells and is released in response to injury or infection. It causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels), increases vascular permeability (leakage of fluid), and activates endothelial cells.

Serotonin, a chemical mediator of inflammation, is stored in platelets. Like Histamine, it causes vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, helping deliver immune cells to the site of injury.

Infection is not synonymous with inflammation. While infection is a common cause of inflammation, inflammation can also be triggered by physical agents, chemicals, or other injuries.

The inflammatory reaction and subsequent repair can cause considerable harm if the inflammation is uncontrolled or prolonged. The same mechanisms that protect the body can also damage healthy tissue.

The process of inflammation involves a complex interplay of chemical mediators, vascular changes, and cellular events. It is a critical part of the body's defense system, ensuring the removal of harmful agents and initiation of repair.

Anti-inflammatory drugs work by targeting specific mediators of the inflammatory response, helping to control the inflammatory process and reduce its harmful effects. Examples include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids.

Inflammasomes are intracellular protein complexes that activate caspase-1, which in turn cleaves pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) into their active forms.

The inflammasome is typically activated by various triggers, including pathogens, toxins, and cellular stress.

Inflammasomes are important for the host's defense against infection and injury. They help to recruit immune cells to the site of inflammation and activate other immune responses.

Inflammatory cytokines are proteins released by immune cells that promote inflammation. They are critical for the body's response to infection and injury.

The inflammatory response is a complex process that involves a coordinated series of events. It is designed to deliver leukocytes and plasma proteins to the site of injury.

The vascular response involves changes in blood vessels, such as vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) and increased vascular permeability (leakage of fluid from blood vessels), which allows fluid and cells to move to the site of injury.

The cellular response involves the recruitment of leukocytes (white blood cells) from the bloodstream to the site of injury. These cells play an important role in fighting infection and clearing away debris.

Exudate is a fluid that leaks from blood vessels into surrounding tissue during inflammation. It is characterized by a high concentration of protein and cells.

Edema is a condition characterized by an excess of fluid in the body's tissues or cavities. It is often associated with inflammation.

Increased vascular permeability is a key hallmark of inflammation. It is caused by the widening of the gaps between endothelial cells that line blood vessels. This allows fluid and cells to escape from the bloodstream.

A multi-step process involving rolling, firm attachment, and transmigration of leukocytes through the endothelium, leading to their recruitment at the site of inflammation.

The process by which immune cells engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as microbes, cellular debris, and allergens.

The production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and enzymes, by activated leukocytes to kill invading microbes and damaged tissues.

Damage to tissues caused by the actions of leukocytes, especially the release of their killer substances.

A type of inflammation that persists for weeks, months or years, characterized by tissue destruction, repair, and angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation).

Immune cells that play a key role in both innate and adaptive immunity. They are important in chronic inflammation and tissue repair.

Substances released by activated macrophages that contribute to tissue injury and inflammation.