Inflammation Concepts and Mechanisms

A complex protective reaction of the body to injury.

Common indicators include redness, heat, pain, swelling, and loss of function.

Caused by factors like infections (bacterial, viral, fungal) or injury.

Acute is short-term and quick; chronic lasts longer and can be harmful.

Dynamic responses involving vessels and immune cells to repair damage.

Rapid onset inflammation caused by harmful bacteria or tissue injury, lasting a few days.

Slow onset inflammation, often due to pathogens the body can't eliminate, lasting months to years.

White blood cells that primarily fight infections during acute inflammation.

Can improve, turn into an abscess, or become chronic if unresolved.

Results in tissue death, thickening, and scarring of connective tissue.

Factors like burns, cuts, and radiation causing injury.

Substances such as drugs and toxins that can cause harm.

Body's immune response causing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.

Inflammatory responses occurring at the specific site of injury.

Widespread inflammatory responses affecting the entire body.

Process where cells engulf and digest microbes and debris.

Movement of white blood cells into the site of inflammation.

Substances released during inflammation that regulate the response.

A type of white blood cell involved in immune response by engulfing pathogens.

Proteins produced by immune cells that communicate and modulate immune responses.

Manifestations such as abscesses, rashes, and allergies caused by inflammatory responses.

Diseases where the immune system attacks the body's own cells, e.g., lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

Begins within seconds to minutes of injury, lasts from minutes to days involving edema and neutrophils.

Inflammation ends when the damaging agent is eliminated and anti-inflammatory mechanisms activate.

Involves infiltration with mononuclear cells, destruction of tissue, and attempts at healing through fibrosis.

The process where inflammation leads to further injury, continuing the cycle of inflammation.

The process of replacing damaged tissues through regeneration or scarring.

A type of immune cell involved in chronic inflammation, aiding in tissue destruction and healing.

Acute inflammation where injury is limited, little tissue is destroyed, and parenchymal cells can regenerate.

A process where substantial tissue destruction occurs, involving tissue incapable of regeneration, leading to scar formation.

The process during inflammation where dead cells and microbes are cleared from the site of injury.

The absorption of excess fluid from tissues by lymphatics during inflammation.

Occurs when acute inflammation fails to resolve properly, potentially due to insufficient antibodies or persistence of stimuli.

Specialized cells formed during chronic inflammation, often associated with granulomatous conditions.

The process where a thrombus (blood clot) is replaced by granulation tissue during healing, restoring vascular integrity.

New connective tissue formed during the healing process, rich in capillaries, fibroblasts, and collagen.