Inflammation and Immune Response Quiz 2
49 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which component of inflammation is responsible for causing pain, fever, and bronchospasm?

  • Leukocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation
  • Capillary hydrostatic pressure
  • Principal mediators of inflammation (correct)
  • Vascular changes in acute inflammation

    • What are the two main components of inflammation?

  • Exudate and transudate
  • Plasma oncotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure
  • Edema and leukocyte activation
  • Vascular changes and leukocyte recruitment (correct)

    • Which type of inflammation is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration?

  • Systemic inflammation
  • Acute inflammation (correct)
  • Chronic inflammation
  • Localized inflammation

    • What are the possible triggers of inflammation?

    <p>Infection, trauma, and tissue necrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consistent feature of inflammation?

    <p>Excessive fluid in tissues or body cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes exudate from transudate?

    <p>Protein content and specific gravity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased blood vessel permeability?

    <p>Excessive fluid in tissues or body cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes transudate to form?

    <p>Abnormal increase in hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leukocytes in acute inflammation?

    <p>Adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates leukocyte adhesion to endothelium?

    <p>Complementary adhesion molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activates leukocytes and their integrins?

    <p>Chemokines from inflamed tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of leukocytes squeezing through endothelial gaps into the tissues called?

    <p>Transmigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What directs leukocytes to move towards the site of injury?

    <p>Chemoattractant gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What involves leukocytes rolling along the endothelium?

    <p>Margination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of leukocytes in the multistep process of migration?

    <p>Different molecules playing predominant roles at different steps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a filtrate of plasma due to abnormal increase in hydrostatic pressure or decrease in plasma oncotic pressure?

    <p>Transudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Clotting Factor XII in inflammation?

    <p>Contributes to inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cascade produces bradykinin, increasing vascular permeability and pain?

    <p>Kinin cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do C3a, C5a, and C4a have on inflammation?

    <p>Impact vasodilatation and leukocyte activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Mononuclear cells, tissue injury, and fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in chronic inflammation?

    <p>Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the systemic effects of inflammation?

    <p>Cytokine-induced acute phase reactions and leukocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which morphologic pattern of inflammation involves exudation of cell-poor fluid into body cavities?

    <p>Serous inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes fibrinous inflammation?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability and fibrin deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the formation of pus in purulent inflammation?

    <p>Leukocyte accumulation and bacterial infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign of inflammation in terms of leukocyte count?

    <p>Leukocytosis, with elevated neutrophils, lymphocytes, or eosinophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific gravity of pure water?

    <p>1.000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives fluid out of the circulatory system?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component that generates plasma oncotic pressure?

    <p>Albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the cardinal features of inflammation?

    <p>Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and loss of function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the triggers of inflammation?

    <p>Infections, trauma, physical and chemical agents, foreign bodies, and more</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the types of leukocytes (white blood cells) mentioned in the text?

    <p>Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of acute inflammation?

    <p>Rapid onset, short duration, excessive fluid in tissues, and emigration of neutrophils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Slower onset, longer duration, involving lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are monocytes precursors of?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components involved in diseases caused by inflammatory reactions?

    <p>Vascular changes, cellular events, leukocyte recruitment, and chemical mediators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vascular changes in acute inflammation?

    <p>Vasodilation, increased permeability, stasis, and escape of exudate into injured tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves recognition and attachment, engulfment, and killing and degradation of offending agents through oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of vasoactive amines like histamine and serotonin?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mediators can cause a secondary wave of mediator release and act on one type of target cell or a variety of different types?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of arachidonic acid metabolites in the acute inflammatory response?

    <p>Mediating leukocyte adhesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins mediate/regulate immune/inflammatory reactions and act as chemoattractants for leukocytes, with major roles in acute inflammation?

    <p>Cytokines and chemokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of inflammation is characterized by a rapid onset and short duration?

    <p>Acute inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased vascular permeability in the context of acute inflammation?

    <p>Formation of exudate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are produced by various cell types and can be metabolized by two enzymatic pathways, leading to the production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins with various inflammatory effects?

    <p>Arachidonic acid metabolites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the principal mediators of inflammation that can be cellular or plasma proteins/systems?

    <p>Histamine and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two enzymatic pathways involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, leading to the production of various inflammatory mediators?

    <p>Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins act by binding to specific receptors on target cells and can cause a secondary wave of mediator release?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells play a crucial role in mediating leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium during inflammation?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inflammation and Vascular Physiology Overview

    • Specific gravity (SG) is the ratio of the weight of a solution to an equal volume of water, with pure water having a SG of 1.000.
    • Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid on the walls of its container and drives fluid out of the circulatory system.
    • Plasma oncotic pressure, generated mainly by albumin, pulls fluid into the circulatory system.
    • Inflammation is a protective response of living tissue to injury, closely linked to the repair process.
    • The cardinal features of inflammation include redness, swelling, warmth, pain, and loss of function.
    • Triggers of inflammation encompass infections, trauma, physical and chemical agents, foreign bodies, and more.
    • Acute inflammation has a rapid onset and short duration, with excessive fluid in tissues and emigration of neutrophils.
    • Chronic inflammation has a slower onset and longer duration, involving lymphocytes, macrophages, and tissue changes.
    • Neutrophils, lymphocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils are types of leukocytes (white blood cells).
    • Monocytes are precursors of macrophages, which are key in the inflammatory response.
    • Diseases caused by inflammatory reactions involve vascular changes, cellular events, leukocyte recruitment, and chemical mediators.
    • Vascular changes in acute inflammation include vasodilation, increased permeability, stasis, and escape of exudate into injured tissue.

    Leukocyte Activation and Phagocytosis in Acute Inflammation

    • Leukocyte activation involves 5 essential responses, including the production of arachidonic acid metabolites, degranulation, activation of oxidative burst, secretion of cytokines, and an increase in binding affinity of adhesion molecules.
    • Phagocytosis involves recognition and attachment, engulfment, and killing and degradation of offending agents through oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms.
    • Chemical mediators of inflammation can originate from plasma or cells, and most act by binding to specific receptors on target cells.
    • Released mediators can cause a secondary wave of mediator release and act on one type of target cell or a variety of different types.
    • The principal mediators of inflammation can be cellular or plasma proteins/systems, including histamine, serotonin, lysosomal enzymes, arachidonic acid metabolites, and plasma proteins such as Factor XII activation, kinin, and complement C3 and C5 cleavage.
    • Vasoactive amines like histamine and serotonin are preformed and primarily found within mast cells, causing arteriolar dilatation and increasing vascular permeability.
    • Arachidonic acid metabolites are produced by various cell types and can be metabolized by two enzymatic pathways, leading to the production of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and lipoxins with various inflammatory effects.
    • Cytokines and chemokines are proteins that mediate/regulate immune/inflammatory reactions and act as chemoattractants for leukocytes, with major roles in acute inflammation.
    • Cytokines like TNF and IL-1 and chemokines like C-X-C and C-C have specific roles in acute inflammation, affecting different cell types and anatomic regions.
    • The production of arachidonic acid metabolites by leukocytes and the action of cytokines and chemokines play crucial roles in the acute inflammatory response.
    • The acute inflammatory response involves a complex interplay of leukocyte activation, phagocytosis, and the action of various chemical mediators, cytokines, and chemokines.
    • Understanding the mechanisms of leukocyte activation, phagocytosis, and the roles of chemical mediators, cytokines, and chemokines is essential in comprehending the pathophysiology of acute inflammation.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Inflammation_ILA_2023_James Lyons.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of inflammation and vascular physiology with this quiz covering topics such as specific gravity, hydrostatic pressure, plasma oncotic pressure, triggers of inflammation, leukocyte activation, phagocytosis, and the role of chemical mediators, cytokines, and chemokines in acute inflammation.

    More Like This

    Physiology of Infection &amp; Inflammation 4-1: Vascular Phase
    10 questions

    Physiology of Infection &amp; Inflammation 4-1: Vascular Phase

    CushyLepidolite avatar
    CushyLepidolite
    Types of Vascular Inflammation Quiz
    6 questions

    Types of Vascular Inflammation Quiz

    ExpansiveMolybdenum avatar
    ExpansiveMolybdenum
    4
    194 questions

    4

    CleanlyBoston avatar
    CleanlyBoston
    Inflammation and Vascular Changes
    37 questions

    Inflammation and Vascular Changes

    LushDubnium avatar
    LushDubnium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser