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What is the primary purpose of inflammation in the body?
Chronic inflammation is always a result of acute inflammation.
False
List two macroscopic features of acute inflammation.
Erythema and Oedema
Inflammation is part of the body's innate __________.
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Match the following types of inflammation with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
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The suffix 'itis' indicates an inflammatory condition.
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Name one beneficial effect of inflammation.
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What is a characteristic feature of acute inflammation?
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Chronic inflammation can result from acute inflammation.
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What type of immune cells are primarily involved in acute inflammatory responses?
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____ is characterized by prolonged inflammation and the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages.
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Match the types of inflammatory responses with their corresponding immune cells:
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Which of the following is NOT a common cause of chronic inflammation?
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Vasodilation is the process that leads to increased blood flow during inflammation.
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What is the role of neutrophils during inflammation?
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During chronic inflammation, tissue destruction often occurs alongside _______ attempts.
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Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the stomach?
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Study Notes
Inflammation
- Inflammation is the body’s response to injury.
- Inflammation aims to rid the body of the initial injury & break down damaged cells.
- Inflammation is part of the innate immune system & is the body's first line of defense.
- Inflammation is not a disease.
- Inflammation is not always caused by infection.
- Inflammation is denoted by the suffix ‘itis’.
- Beneficial effects of inflammation include: delivery of immune cells and proteins, dilution of toxins, elimination of substances & allowing tissue repair, stimulation of further response, and entry of drugs.
- Inappropriate triggering of inflammation can lead to autoimmune disorders, while an excessive response can lead to sepsis.
- An inadequate response may lead to Immunodeficiency syndromes such as AIDS.
- Causes of inflammation include: infection, chemicals, foreign bodies, physical trauma, dead cells and allergens.
- Acute inflammation is the immediate defensive reaction to injury, involving vascular and exudative processes.
- Chronic inflammation is prolonged and persistent inflammation, which may be a continuation of acute inflammation or the result of insidious insult, characterized by scar tissue formation.
Macroscopic Features of Acute Inflammation
- Erythema (redness)
- Oedema (swelling)
- Warmth
- Pain
- Loss of function
Microscopic Features of Acute Inflammation
- Vascular changes: Vasodilation, change in caliber & wall structure, increased blood flow.
- Exudative changes: Increased permeability, movement of fluid, proteins & cells.
- Neutrophils emigrate, accumulate, and try to eliminate substances through phagocytosis.
Outcomes of Acute Inflammation
- Resolution
- Persistence
- Chronic Inflammation
Outcomes of Inflammation
- Healing
- Chronic inflammation
- Healthy tissue injury
- Formation of pus
- Autoimmune disease
- Death
Chronic Inflammation
- Prolonged duration
- Inflammation, injury, and repair co-exist.
- Chronic inflammation can follow acute inflammation or develop insidiously.
Causes of Chronic Inflammation
- Persistent infection
- Autoimmune disorders
- Persistent foreign bodies
- Ongoing injury
- Ongoing trauma
- Prolonged toxin exposure
- Inadequate response
Microscopic Features of Chronic Inflammation
- New immune cells: lymphocytes and macrophages
- Tissue destruction
- Attempts at healing
- Involves adaptive immunity
Adaptive Immunity
- T lymphocytes:
- TH (helper)
- TC (cytotoxic)
- B lymphocytes
- Plasma cells
Other Mediators
- Monocytes/macrophages
- Interleukins
- Acute phase proteins
- Complement
Leukocytosis
- Leukocytosis is an elevated white blood cell count.
- Inflammatory/Responsive Cell:
- Acute/Bacteria: Neutrophil
- Chronic/Viral: Lymphocytes
- Parasites: Eosinophils
- Allergy: Basophils
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Description
This quiz explores the concept of inflammation, its role in the body's defense mechanism, and its potential effects on health. It discusses the triggers of inflammation, beneficial effects, and the implications of inappropriate or inadequate inflammatory responses. Test your knowledge on this essential aspect of the immune system.
