Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is characteristic of acute inflammation?
Which of the following is characteristic of acute inflammation?
Chronic inflammation can develop insidiously.
Chronic inflammation can develop insidiously.
True
What type of immune cells primarily accumulate during acute inflammation?
What type of immune cells primarily accumulate during acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
The term for inflammation of the stomach is called __________.
The term for inflammation of the stomach is called __________.
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation?
What is NOT a characteristic of acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Inflammation is always a sign of infection.
Inflammation is always a sign of infection.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of inflammation to their corresponding characteristics:
Match the following types of inflammation to their corresponding characteristics:
Signup and view all the answers
Define chronic inflammation.
Define chronic inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
The body’s response to injury is known as __________.
The body’s response to injury is known as __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of inflammation with their descriptions:
Match the following types of inflammation with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is NOT a purpose of inflammation?
What is NOT a purpose of inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Acute inflammation and chronic inflammation have the same characteristics.
Acute inflammation and chronic inflammation have the same characteristics.
Signup and view all the answers
List one key macroscopic feature of acute inflammation.
List one key macroscopic feature of acute inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
Inflammation of an organ is commonly denoted by the suffix __________.
Inflammation of an organ is commonly denoted by the suffix __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following features with their type of inflammation:
Match the following features with their type of inflammation:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a complication of inflammation that can occur with an excessive response?
Which of the following is a complication of inflammation that can occur with an excessive response?
Signup and view all the answers
Normal inflammation is designed to promote tissue repair.
Normal inflammation is designed to promote tissue repair.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one of the delivery mechanisms provided by inflammation.
Name one of the delivery mechanisms provided by inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
Chronic inflammation may be the result of an insidious __________.
Chronic inflammation may be the result of an insidious __________.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic of chronic inflammation?
What is the primary characteristic of chronic inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Neutrophils primarily accumulate during chronic inflammation.
Neutrophils primarily accumulate during chronic inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common outcome of chronic inflammation?
What is a common outcome of chronic inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
The process of __________ involves the movement of fluid, proteins, and cells during inflammation.
The process of __________ involves the movement of fluid, proteins, and cells during inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the inflammation type with its associated immune cell:
Match the inflammation type with its associated immune cell:
Signup and view all the answers
Which organ is associated with the term 'gastritis'?
Which organ is associated with the term 'gastritis'?
Signup and view all the answers
Vasodilation is characterized by a decrease in blood flow.
Vasodilation is characterized by a decrease in blood flow.
Signup and view all the answers
Name one factor that can lead to chronic inflammation.
Name one factor that can lead to chronic inflammation.
Signup and view all the answers
__________ is the condition of inflammation of the gums.
__________ is the condition of inflammation of the gums.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of immune mediator includes interleukins?
What type of immune mediator includes interleukins?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
What is Inflammation?
- The body's response to injury
- Designed to eliminate the cause of injury and break down damaged cells
- Part of innate immunity: First line of defense
- Not a disease and not always caused by infection
- Denoted by the suffix "itis"
Beneficial effects
- Delivery of immune cells and proteins
- Dilution of toxins
- Elimination of substances to allow tissue repair
- Stimulating further response
- Entry of drugs
Malfunction of Inflammation
- Inappropriate triggers: Autoimmune disorders
- Excessive response: Sepsis
- Inadequate response: AIDS
Causes of Inflammation
- Infectious agents
- Chemicals
- Foreign bodies
- Physical trauma
- Dead cells
- Allergens
Types of Inflammation
- Acute Inflammation: Immediate defensive response, characterized by vascular and exudative processes
- Chronic Inflammation: Prolonged and persistent inflammation, can be a continuation of acute inflammation or due to an insidious insult, characterized by scar tissue formation
Acute Inflammation
-
Macroscopic Features:
- Erythema (redness)
- Oedema (swelling)
- Warmth
- Pain
- Loss of function
-
Microscopic Features:
- Vascular changes: Vasodilation
- Exudative changes: Increased permeability for fluid, proteins, and cells
- Neutrophil emigration and accumulation to eliminate substances through phagocytosis
Outcomes of Acute Inflammation
- Resolution
- Chronic inflammation
- Healing
- Tissue injury with lytic enzymes and pus accumulation
- Autoimmune disease
- Death
Chronic Inflammation
-
Features:
- Prolonged duration
- Coexistence of inflammation, injury, and repair
- Can follow acute inflammation or develop insidiously
-
Microscopic Features:
- Lymphocytes and macrophages
- Tissue destruction
- Attempts at healing
- Adaptive immunity
Adaptive Immunity in Chronic Inflammation
- T Lymphocytes:
- Helper T cells (TH)
- Cytotoxic T cells (TC)
- B Lymphocytes
- Plasma cells
Other mediators in Chronic Inflammation
- Monocytes/Macrophages
- Interleukins
- Acute phase proteins
- Complement
Leukocytosis
- Increase in white blood cell count, indicating inflammation
Activity Response
- Patient 1: 45-year-old gentleman with a high white blood cell count indicates possible bacterial infection.
- Patient 2: 89-year-old lady with dementia, the high WBC count combined with high neutrophil count might also indicate bacterial infection, but the dementia might complicate interpretation and diagnosis.
Inflammation
- Inflammation is the body's response to injury
- Its purpose is to get rid of the cause of injury and break down damaged cells
- Inflammation is part of innate immunity, the body's first line of defence
- Inflammation is not a disease
- Inflammation is not always caused by infection
- Inflammation is denoted by the suffix 'itis'
- The suffix 'itis' indicates inflammation of an organ, for example, appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix
- Inflammation can be beneficial
- It delivers immune cells and proteins that help the body fight off infection and repair damaged tissue
- It dilutes toxins
- Inflammation allows tissue repair
- Inflammation can be harmful
- It can be inappropriately triggered, leading to autoimmune disorders
- An excessive response can lead to sepsis
- An inadequate response can lead to AIDS
- Causes of inflammation include: infection, chemicals, foreign bodies, physical trauma, dead cells, and allergens
Types of Inflammation
- Acute inflammation is the immediate response to injury
- Acute inflammation is characterised by vascular and exudative processes
- There is an increase in blood flow to the affected area
- Fluid, proteins and cells move into the affected area
- Neutrophils emigrate and accumulate in the affected area
- Neutrophils try to eliminate the cause of injury by phagocytosis
- Chronic inflammation is a prolonged and persistent response to injury
- Chronic inflammation can be a continuation of acute inflammation
- Chronic inflammation can be caused by an insidious insult, such as a persistent infection or foreign body
- Chronic inflammation is characterised by scar tissue formation
Chronic Inflammation
- Causes of chronic inflammation include: persisting infection, autoimmune diseases, persisting foreign bodies, ongoing injury, ongoing trauma, prolonged toxin exposure, and an inadequate response to the initial injury
- Chronic inflammation is characterised by a prolonged duration
- It is a mixture of inflammation, injury and repair
- It can follow acute inflammation or develop insidiously
- Chronic inflammation involves adaptive immunity
- Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes, including T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, B lymphocytes and plasma cells
- Other mediators of chronic inflammation include: monocytes/macrophages, interleukins, acute phase proteins and complement
Outcomes of Acute Inflammation
- The outcomes of acute inflammation are resolution or chronic inflammation
- Resolution is the ideal outcome and occurs when the cause of injury is removed and the tissue heals
- Chronic inflammation occurs when the cause of injury is not removed or when the body is unable to heal properly
- Other outcomes of acute inflammation include: healthy tissue injury, pus accumulation and death
Outcomes of Inflammation
- Possible outcomes of inflammation other than chronic inflammation include:
- Healing
- Death
- Autoimmune disease
- Lytic enzymes
- Accumulation of pus
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the concept of inflammation, including its role in the body's immune response to injury. Learn about the beneficial effects, potential malfunctions, and various causes and types of inflammation. Test your knowledge on how inflammation functions in both acute and chronic contexts.
