43 Questions
What is the main cell type found in the established lesion?
Plasma cells
Which adhesion molecules are present in the initial lesion?
ICAM-1
What is the predominant cell type in the advanced lesion?
Plasma cells
Which type of immunity involves memory and specialized immune response?
Adaptive immunity
Which cells are part of the 'First-line' defense in innate immunity?
Neutrophils and macrophages
Which type of immunity has a rapid response to microbes and limited diversity?
Innate Immunity
Which cells are involved in adaptive immunity and provide memory?
Lymphocytes (B & T)
Which component is associated with humoral immunity?
Antibodies/Cytokines
Which type of immunity is the primary defense against extracellular bacteria and circulating viruses?
Humoral-mediated immunity
What is the primary defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, fungi, and intracellular bacteria?
Cell-mediated immunity
Which type of immunity involves B lymphocytes and antibodies circulating in serum?
Humoral-mediated immunity
What is the function of the inflammatory response?
Dilute/wall off damaging microorganisms
What is the function of the GCF (Gingival Crevicular Fluid) in acute inflammation?
Washes non-adherent bacteria out of the crevice
What is the role of macrophages in the inflammatory and immune responses?
Phagocytosis of pathogens
What is the main function of the junctional epithelium in the inflammatory response?
Release cytokines and host-defense peptides
Which cell type in the gingival epithelium is involved in the immune response?
Langerhans’ cells
What serves as a physical barrier to plaque microorganisms in the epithelium?
Epithelial cells being tightly attached to each other
What is the primary effect of saliva on the development of plaque and caries?
Antimicrobial effects supragingivally
Where are the direct effects of saliva not observed in relation to oral health?
Subgingivally
What cells present antigenic material to circulating lymphocytes in the humoral immune response?
Epithelial Langerhans’ cells
Which type of antibody production is thought to be particularly protective in the humoral immune response?
IgG and IgA
What is the primary function of B-lymphocytes in the humoral immune response?
To differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibody
What is the primary role of T-helper lymphocytes in the cell mediated response?
Phagocytosis
Which type of cells are associated with the immune response in gingivitis?
Th1 cells
In the context of periodontitis, what type of cells are involved in the shift to B cells?
Th2 cells
Which of the following is an example of pro-inflammatory cytokines?
IL-1
Which of the following is responsible for bone resorption, neutrophil chemotaxis, vascular permeability, and dilation?
PGE-2
Which of the following mediators is involved in degrading connective tissue and is pro-inflammatory?
Matrix metalloproteinases
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?
Mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis
Which type of cytokine can cause many different effects on the target cell?
Pleiotropic cytokines
Which type of cytokine elicits the same response from their targets as many other cytokines?
Redundant cytokines
Which type of cytokine is capable of blocking the effect of another cytokine?
Antagonistic cytokines
Which pathway produces prostaglandins that can cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
COX pathway
Which pathway produces potent chemo-attractants for neutrophils?
LOX pathway
Which products are a potent stimulus of bone resorption?
Prostaglandins PGEs
What is the primary responsibility of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)?
Degrading extracellular matrix collagen
In which pathological conditions is there an increased expression of MMPs?
Conditions leading to tissue destruction
What role does MMP-8 play as an indicator?
Indicator of disease severity
What is the primary function of Thrombocytes/Platelets?
Initiate the clotting cascade
Which component is found in the Plasma and is important for homeostasis?
Fibrinogen
What is the main function of Erythrocytes/Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?
Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
What is the lifespan of platelets?
5-9 days
What do platelets release through the cell membrane when activated?
Cytokines
Inflammatio Gingivae: Processus Patologiae Testa tua scientiam in processu pathologiae inflammationis gingivae, a neutrophilis primis ad leucocytis in lesioneis evolutis.
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