Inflammatio Gingivae
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Questions and Answers

What is the main cell type found in the established lesion?

  • Plasma cells (correct)
  • Fibroblasts
  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophils
  • Which adhesion molecules are present in the initial lesion?

  • VCAM-1
  • P-selectin
  • ICAM-1 (correct)
  • L-selectin
  • What is the predominant cell type in the advanced lesion?

  • Macrophages
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes
  • Plasma cells (correct)
  • Which type of immunity involves memory and specialized immune response?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are part of the 'First-line' defense in innate immunity?

    <p>Neutrophils and macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity has a rapid response to microbes and limited diversity?

    <p>Innate Immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in adaptive immunity and provide memory?

    <p>Lymphocytes (B &amp; T)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is associated with humoral immunity?

    <p>Antibodies/Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity is the primary defense against extracellular bacteria and circulating viruses?

    <p>Humoral-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, fungi, and intracellular bacteria?

    <p>Cell-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity involves B lymphocytes and antibodies circulating in serum?

    <p>Humoral-mediated immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the inflammatory response?

    <p>Dilute/wall off damaging microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the GCF (Gingival Crevicular Fluid) in acute inflammation?

    <p>Washes non-adherent bacteria out of the crevice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of macrophages in the inflammatory and immune responses?

    <p>Phagocytosis of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the junctional epithelium in the inflammatory response?

    <p>Release cytokines and host-defense peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the gingival epithelium is involved in the immune response?

    <p>Langerhans’ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serves as a physical barrier to plaque microorganisms in the epithelium?

    <p>Epithelial cells being tightly attached to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of saliva on the development of plaque and caries?

    <p>Antimicrobial effects supragingivally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the direct effects of saliva not observed in relation to oral health?

    <p>Subgingivally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells present antigenic material to circulating lymphocytes in the humoral immune response?

    <p>Epithelial Langerhans’ cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibody production is thought to be particularly protective in the humoral immune response?

    <p>IgG and IgA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of B-lymphocytes in the humoral immune response?

    <p>To differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of T-helper lymphocytes in the cell mediated response?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are associated with the immune response in gingivitis?

    <p>Th1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of periodontitis, what type of cells are involved in the shift to B cells?

    <p>Th2 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of pro-inflammatory cytokines?

    <p>IL-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is responsible for bone resorption, neutrophil chemotaxis, vascular permeability, and dilation?

    <p>PGE-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following mediators is involved in degrading connective tissue and is pro-inflammatory?

    <p>Matrix metalloproteinases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?

    <p>Mediate and regulate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cytokine can cause many different effects on the target cell?

    <p>Pleiotropic cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cytokine elicits the same response from their targets as many other cytokines?

    <p>Redundant cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cytokine is capable of blocking the effect of another cytokine?

    <p>Antagonistic cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway produces prostaglandins that can cause vasodilation or vasoconstriction?

    <p>COX pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway produces potent chemo-attractants for neutrophils?

    <p>LOX pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which products are a potent stimulus of bone resorption?

    <p>Prostaglandins PGEs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)?

    <p>Degrading extracellular matrix collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which pathological conditions is there an increased expression of MMPs?

    <p>Conditions leading to tissue destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does MMP-8 play as an indicator?

    <p>Indicator of disease severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Thrombocytes/Platelets?

    <p>Initiate the clotting cascade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is found in the Plasma and is important for homeostasis?

    <p>Fibrinogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Erythrocytes/Red Blood Cells (RBCs)?

    <p>Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifespan of platelets?

    <p>5-9 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do platelets release through the cell membrane when activated?

    <p>Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

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