Questions and Answers
What causes the bluish hue observed in localized gingival anoxemia?
Which enzyme's activity is notably increased in inflamed gingival tissue?
What is a consequence of the presence of acid hydrolases released by lysosomes?
What histological change occurs in the junctional epithelium during chronic inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a notable change in the cellular composition of chronically inflamed gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
What occurs to collagen fibers in the connective tissue during chronic inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following enzymes is NOT typically elevated in chronically inflamed gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
What description best characterizes the condition of the gingival tissue in localized gingival anoxemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What color change is typically observed in the gingiva during acute inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following systemic conditions is associated with melanin pigmentation in the oral mucosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which pigment can cause oral pigmentation as an endogenous factor?
Signup and view all the answers
What color change might a patient with chronic inflammation of the gingiva exhibit?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following diseases may result in increased melanin pigmentation?
Signup and view all the answers
What external factors can lead to color changes in the gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
In relation to oral pigmentation, what is a characteristic effect of iron deposition in the oral mucosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dietary component is least likely to cause color changes in the gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the procedures that can be performed for gingival depigmentation?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of papilla appears to be flat and does not fill the interproximal space?
Signup and view all the answers
In cases of gingival enlargement, what is the normal contour of the gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes McCall festoons?
Signup and view all the answers
What appearance does stippling of gingiva resemble?
Signup and view all the answers
What causes localized bluish-black areas of pigmentation in the mucosa?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term describes papilla that appears to bulge out of the interproximal space?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one cause of clefts in the gingiva according to some suggestions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary characteristic change of the gingival tissue during Stage I Gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does overzealous toothbrushing have on the gums?
Signup and view all the answers
What clinical finding is associated with Stage II Gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which stage of gingivitis is characterized by the predominance of plasma cells in the gingival tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT an effect of tooth brushing on gingival tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
How long does it typically take for Stage II Gingivitis to appear after plaque accumulation?
Signup and view all the answers
What clinical significance does gingival recession have?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following changes indicates a healthy gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the bluish red color of the gingiva in gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is NOT true about Stage III Gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of using hard bristles when brushing teeth?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the initial clinical response in the gingival tissue during the early stage of gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which change is observed in the interdental papilla in a diseased state?
Signup and view all the answers
What would likely NOT be a sign of healthy gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement correctly describes the characteristics of Stage I Gingivitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does tooth brushing have on the consistency of gingiva?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Gingival Anoxemia and Inflammation
- Localized gingival anoxemia results from engorged blood vessels, impaired venous return, and sluggish blood flow.
- A bluish hue appears on reddened gingiva due to anoxemia.
- Deepening color occurs due to erythrocyte extravasation and the breakdown of hemoglobin.
Collagenase and Tissue Changes
- Collagenase, produced by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and bacteria, is more active in inflamed gingival tissue.
- Increased collagenase activity leads to destruction of gingival connective tissue.
- High levels of enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase, are found in chronically inflamed gingiva.
Histological Features
- Chronic inflammation is characterized by increased plasma cells and B lymphocytes.
- Junctional epithelium shows widened intercellular spaces filled with granular debris and lysosomes from disrupted immune cells.
- Acid hydrolases from lysosomes contribute to tissue destruction, while rete ridges extend into connective tissue.
- Collagen fibers within connective tissue are disrupted, surrounding infiltrates of immune cells.
Gingival Color Changes
- Acute inflammation leads to bright red gingival tissue due to increased blood flow.
- Chronic inflammation manifests as bluish-red or purplish-red gingival tissue from blood stagnation and erythrocyte rupture.
- Factors influencing gingival color include endogenous pigments (melanin, bilirubin, iron) and diseases like Addison's and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
Exogenous Factors and Pigmentation
- Environmental irritants, tobacco use, and amalgam implantation can cause pigmentation changes in gingiva.
- Gingival depigmentation procedures are available for aesthetic reasons, utilizing scalpels, chemicals, electrocautery, or lasers.
Changes in Tissue Contour
- Diseased gingiva exhibits thickened and rolled free gingiva due to edema.
- Papillae may be bulbous, blunted, or cratered, indicating varying degrees of inflammation.
- Normal gingival contour is scalloped, while inflammatory changes can lead to clefts, recession, or McCall festoons.
Surface Texture of Gingiva
- Healthy gingiva has a stippled appearance, akin to orange peel, due to small depressions and elevations.
- Stippling is typically present in interdental and attached gingiva.
Clinical Considerations
- Gingival recession can expose root cementum, leading to hypersensitivity.
- Overzealous toothbrushing, especially with hard bristles, may contribute to recession.
- Toothbrushing promotes keratinization and enhances capillary circulation in gingival tissue.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the effects of localized gingival anoxemia and the role of collagenase in tissue changes. Explore the histological features of chronic inflammation and the specific enzymes involved in gingival tissue destruction. Understand the implications of these biological processes for dental health.
