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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of using the nominal group technique in decision-making?
What is the primary purpose of using the nominal group technique in decision-making?
- To streamline decisions by voting
- To give priority to dominant members in the group
- To ensure equal voice and involvement of all members (correct)
- To focus solely on the majority opinion
How are the total priority scores for problems calculated?
How are the total priority scores for problems calculated?
- By summing all individual ratings without weights
- By multiplying the collated weights by their corresponding ratings and summing the results (correct)
- By averaging the weights and ratings together
- By adding the weights and ratings of criteria after calculation
In the context of family health nursing, what distinguishes goals from objectives?
In the context of family health nursing, what distinguishes goals from objectives?
- Goals are broader and long-term, while objectives are specific and short-term (correct)
- Goals only focus on financial outcomes, whereas objectives focus on health outcomes
- Both goals and objectives serve the same purpose
- Objectives are broader and long-term, while goals are specific and short-term
Which of the following aspects is NOT included in the SMART process?
Which of the following aspects is NOT included in the SMART process?
What should be considered when assessing the availability of resources for intervention?
What should be considered when assessing the availability of resources for intervention?
Which of the following are considered common signs and symptoms of COVID-19?
Which of the following are considered common signs and symptoms of COVID-19?
What is one of the first steps in preventing the spread of COVID-19?
What is one of the first steps in preventing the spread of COVID-19?
Which diagnostic method is NOT typically used for confirming a COVID-19 infection?
Which diagnostic method is NOT typically used for confirming a COVID-19 infection?
What is a primary goal of infection control in nursing care for COVID-19?
What is a primary goal of infection control in nursing care for COVID-19?
Which of the following criteria is essential for priority setting in planning community health interventions?
Which of the following criteria is essential for priority setting in planning community health interventions?
What should be done if a patient exhibits symptoms of COVID-19 upon screening?
What should be done if a patient exhibits symptoms of COVID-19 upon screening?
What is a significant aspect of the criteria for reducing risk in community health planning?
What is a significant aspect of the criteria for reducing risk in community health planning?
Which action is most effective in controlling the spread of infections among healthcare personnel?
Which action is most effective in controlling the spread of infections among healthcare personnel?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a rapid observation of a community?
What is the primary purpose of conducting a rapid observation of a community?
Which technique is suitable for community organizing and participatory action research?
Which technique is suitable for community organizing and participatory action research?
What is the primary purpose of effective partnerships in community health initiatives?
What is the primary purpose of effective partnerships in community health initiatives?
What distinguishes a focus group from a community forum?
What distinguishes a focus group from a community forum?
Which of the following best exemplifies health advocacy?
Which of the following best exemplifies health advocacy?
Which of the following is considered a secondary data source?
Which of the following is considered a secondary data source?
What is a key objective of community organizing?
What is a key objective of community organizing?
What legislative act established the civil registry system in the Philippines?
What legislative act established the civil registry system in the Philippines?
In the context of community organizing, what does 'power' refer to?
In the context of community organizing, what does 'power' refer to?
What is the main function of the FHSIS as specified by EO No. 352?
What is the main function of the FHSIS as specified by EO No. 352?
What role does relationship building play in community organizing?
What role does relationship building play in community organizing?
Who serves as the central repository of civil registries in the Philippines?
Who serves as the central repository of civil registries in the Philippines?
How can collaboration in healthcare optimally benefit communities?
How can collaboration in healthcare optimally benefit communities?
In what way is a survey necessary for studying a community?
In what way is a survey necessary for studying a community?
The Human Resource Development Program (HRDP) primarily focuses on what aspect of community health?
The Human Resource Development Program (HRDP) primarily focuses on what aspect of community health?
What is an essential characteristic of effective partnerships in health equity?
What is an essential characteristic of effective partnerships in health equity?
What is the primary infectious agent responsible for tuberculosis?
What is the primary infectious agent responsible for tuberculosis?
What method of transmission is associated with schistosomiasis?
What method of transmission is associated with schistosomiasis?
Which group is considered more susceptible to tuberculosis within the first year of infection?
Which group is considered more susceptible to tuberculosis within the first year of infection?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with influenza?
Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with influenza?
What is a significant nursing responsibility when managing patients with filariasis?
What is a significant nursing responsibility when managing patients with filariasis?
Which treatment is typically recommended for pneumonia?
Which treatment is typically recommended for pneumonia?
What is the primary method of control for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
What is the primary method of control for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)?
How is filariasis primarily transmitted?
How is filariasis primarily transmitted?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of tuberculosis?
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of tuberculosis?
What is an important nursing responsibility regarding tuberculosis disease management?
What is an important nursing responsibility regarding tuberculosis disease management?
Which preventive measure is advised for managing schistosomiasis?
Which preventive measure is advised for managing schistosomiasis?
Which of the following is a common symptom of schistosomiasis?
Which of the following is a common symptom of schistosomiasis?
What is a common mode of transmission for influenza?
What is a common mode of transmission for influenza?
What is essential for the treatment of chronic filariasis cases?
What is essential for the treatment of chronic filariasis cases?
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Study Notes
Tuberculosis
- Infectious Agent: Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
- Transmission: Airborne droplets, direct invasion, bovine tuberculosis
- Susceptibility: First 6-12 months after infection, children under 3 years old, HIV infection
- Symptoms: Cough lasting two weeks or more, fever, chest or back pain, hemoptysis, weight loss, sweating, fatigue, malaise, shortness of breath
- Control: Prompt diagnosis and treatment, BCG vaccination, public education, social improvement, medical resources
- Treatment: Anti-TB drugs (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
- Nursing Responsibilities: Interview and maintain treatment records, perform tuberculin testing, manage requisition and distribution of drugs
Schistosomiasis
- Infectious Agent: Schistosoma japonicum, Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma haematobium
- Transmission: Contact with contaminated freshwater containing snails carrying schistosomes
- Susceptibility: Farmers and their families in rural areas
- Symptoms: Diarrhea, bloody stools, abdominal enlargement, splenomegaly, weakness, anemia, inflamed liver
- Control: Public education, proper disposal of feces and urine, improved irrigation and agriculture practices, snail control with molluscicides, use of rubber boots, patient treatment
Filarisis
- Infectious Agent: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori
- Transmission: Bites of infected female mosquitos (primarily Aedes poecilius)
- Symptoms: Asymptomatic (microfilariae in blood), acute (lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, orchitis), chronic (hydrocele, lymphedema, elephantiasis)
- Control: Environmental sanitation, insecticide spraying, mosquito nets, protective clothing, insect repellents, screening of houses
- Treatment: Treatment of endemic communities, Diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC), surgery
- Nursing Responsibilities: Advise on personal hygiene, prescribe antibiotics or antifungals for infection, health education
Influenza
- Infectious Agent: Influenza virus A, B, C
- Transmission: Direct contact, droplet infection, contact with discharges from nose and throat
- Susceptibility: Universal, but varying degrees of infection
- Symptoms: Chills, back and limb pain, coryza, sore throat, cough
- Control and Treatment: Public education on hygiene, avoid sharing personal items, influenza vaccine
- Nursing Responsibilities: Keep patient warm, use tepid sponge bath for fever, health teaching on waste disposal
Pneumonia
- Infectious Agent: Pneumococcus / Diplococcus pneumonia
- Predisposing Causes: Fatigue, overexposure to weather, polluted air, malnutrition
- Symptoms: Convulsions, flushed face, dilated pupils, severe chills, pain in affected lung, high colored urine
- Diagnosis: History, clinical signs, dull percussion on affected lung, x-ray
- Complications: Emphysema, pleural effusion, endocarditis, pericarditis, pneumococcal meningitis, otitis media, hypostatic edema, jaundice, abortion
- Treatment: Bed rest, adequate intake of salt, fluids, calories, and vitamins, tepid sponge bath, frequent turning, antibiotics.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
- Infectious Agent: Novel human coronavirus
- Transmission: Respiratory droplets from cough, sneeze, or talk
- Symptoms: Fever (38°C), diarrhea, dry cough, respiratory distress, hypoxia, crackles or rales, dullness on percussion, decreased breath sounds
- Diagnosis: Serological and molecular tests, PCR test
- Prevention and Control: Triage, designated areas for SARS patients, mask wearing, travel history screening, contact tracing, isolation of suspected cases, barrier nursing
- Nursing Care: Provide clinical care, early detection, isolation, protection of staff, patients, families, and community, personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing
COVID-19
- Infectious Agent: Coronavirus
- Transmission: Respiratory droplets from cough, sneeze, or talk.
- Symptoms: Fever (38°C), dry cough, tiredness, diarrhea, sore throat, headache, conjunctivitis, loss of taste or smell
- Diagnosis: Chest x-ray, PCR test, serological and molecular tests, chest CT scan, IgM/IgG combo test, CBC
- Prevention and Control: Triage, designated areas for COVID-19 patients, mask wearing, travel history screening, contact tracing, isolation of suspected cases, barrier nursing
- Nursing Care: Provide clinical care, early detection, isolation, protection of staff, patients, families, and community, personal protective equipment (PPE), handwashing
Planning Community Health Intervention
- Planning: Logical process of decision making to determine priorities and actions.
Criteria for Priority Setting
- Significance of the Problem: Number of people affected
- Level of Community Awareness: Community's perception and motivation to address the issue
- Ability to Reduce Risk: Expertise and influence of the health team
- Cost of Reducing Risk: Economic, social, and ethical consequences
- Identifying the Target Population: Availability of data
- Availability of Resources: Technological, financial, and material resources
Formulating Goals and Objectives
- Goals: Desired outcomes at the end of interventions
- Objectives: Short-term changes observed during interventions
- SMART Objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-Bound
Importance of Partnership and Collaboration
- Effective Partnerships: Shared vision and values, increased community capacity, multi-sector collaboration
- Collaboration: Optimizing resources, enhancing communication and coordination, improving healthcare performance
Community Organizing and Social Mobilization
- Community Organizing Definition: Enables community members to assess needs, plan actions, build organizational structures, and sustain health initiatives.
- Objectives: Raise awareness, form structures for community needs, initiate responsible actions
- Elements of Community Organizing: Power (understanding the problem, devising solutions, leadership, action) and Relationship Building (accountability)
Methods of Community Assessment
- Rapid Observation (Windshield Survey): Observation of people, environmental conditions, and facilities.
- Surveys: Structured collection of information through questionnaires.
- Informant Interviews: Purposeful conversations with key informants (leaders) or ordinary community members.
- Community Forums: Open meetings of community members.
- Focus Groups: Smaller groups (6-12 members) for focused discussion
Secondary Data Sources
- Registry of Vital Events: Records of births, marriages, and deaths
- Health Records and Reports: FHSIS, Vital Statistics (NSO), Health Reports
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