Infectious Diseases Quiz

<p>The presence of bacteria in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bacteremia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convalescence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The host response to the infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection refers to microbial invasions that may not cause symptoms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholera (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herpes ocularis (B), Chlamydiasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severity of symptoms at first infection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salmonella typhi (C), Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shigellosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither organism benefits or is harmed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>E.coli in the gut (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The susceptibility of the host and virulence of the pathogen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compromised immune system or abnormal environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through contaminated food and water. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evading host defenses and damaging host tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumocystis carinii (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of microbes in a dose that kill 50% of the organisms infected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It denotes the number of microbes required to cause disease in 50% of infected organisms. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To bind to host glycoproteins and aid in adherence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substances produced by pathogens that help establish and maintain disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pathogen must obtain essential nutrients and protect itself from host defenses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue destruction and the release of degradative enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrient absorption mechanisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adhesion factors that bind to specific tissue receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encapsulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antigenic shift (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capsule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Destruction of phagocyte (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evasion of antibody recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular replication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocyte recruitment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protects bacteria from phagocytosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Streptokinase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both Streptococci and Staphylococci (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gas Gangrene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes necrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cause incomplete lysis of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause complete lysis of red blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates blood clot formation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of diseases. It focuses on the causes, mechanisms, and effects of diseases.

The cause of a disease. It identifies the agent or factor responsible for triggering the disease.

The sequence of events that occur during the development of a disease, from initial interaction with the causing agent to the final outcome.

The colonization of a host organism by a microbial parasite. It doesn't necessarily mean the host is experiencing symptoms.

A state of ill health with recognizable symptoms and signs. It indicates that the host's normal functioning is disrupted.

The degree of pathogenicity of a microbe, indicating its ability to cause disease. It measures how good a microbe is at making you sick.

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.

A generalized inflammatory response to infection. It involves multiple organs and can be life-threatening.

A type of symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor helped. An example is Corynebacterium living in the eye.

A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit. For example, E. coli in the gut helps with digestion and provides us with vitamin K.

A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other. This is the case for all pathogens where the pathogen benefits, while the host is harmed.

Microorganisms that normally live on the body of a healthy individual. These microorganisms are often beneficial and contribute to our overall health.

Microorganisms that are usually harmless, but can cause disease under specific circumstances like a compromised immune system or being in the wrong location.

Paths by which pathogens enter the body. Examples include mucous membranes, skin, parenteral route, and placenta.

The respiratory tract is one of the most common portals of entry for pathogens. Microbes can be inhaled in droplets or dust particles, leading to various respiratory infections.

The gastrointestinal tract is another common portal of entry for pathogens, often through contaminated food or water.

A condition caused by the bacterium Salmonella, typically through contaminated food or water. It can cause diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.

An infection caused by the bacterium Shigella, often spread through contaminated food or water. It leads to watery diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.

A serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It produces a toxin that blocks nerve signals, causing muscle paralysis. It can be contracted through contaminated food, especially improperly canned goods.

An infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, spread through contaminated water and food. It can cause severe watery diarrhea, dehydration, and even death.

A group of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that affect the genitourinary tract, including the urethra, cervix, and rectum.

A bacterial infection that affects the conjunctiva, the membrane that covers the eyeball and lines the eyelid. It can cause redness, swelling, and discharge.

A bacterial infection that affects the skin, often causing boils, pimples, and other skin lesions.

A fungal infection that affects the skin, causing various symptoms depending on the type of fungus involved. Examples include athlete's foot and ringworm.

The number of microbes in a dose that kills 50% of the organisms infected in a sample.

The number of microbes in a dose that causes disease in 50% of the organisms infected.

Pathogens have structures that attach to host cells. Pili, also known as fimbriae, are protein structures that bind to host glycoproteins.

The ability of a pathogen to penetrate and multiply within a host's tissues. This involves accessing food and nutrients, protecting itself from host defenses, and multiplying.

Bacteria produce toxic substances that cause damage to host tissues. These toxins can be directly harmful or trigger destructive biological activities.

A pathogen-produced substance that promotes the establishment and maintenance of disease. These factors help pathogens succeed in causing illness.

Molecules that attach to specific receptors on tissue surfaces, aiding in pathogen attachment.

These are a type of adhesin protein that binds to both fibronectin and fibrinogen, impacting cell binding and immune response.

Microbes can evade the immune system by creating a protective layer that prevents phagocytosis. Think of it like a disguise that makes them invisible to immune cells.

Microbes can mimic the antigens present on host cells, tricking the immune system into not recognizing them as foreign.

A sudden and significant change in the antigens of a microbe, making it unrecognizable to the immune system, often seen with influenza viruses.

Some microbes stop the fusion of phagocytic vesicles with lysosomes, preventing the breakdown of pathogens inside the cell.

A microbe's ability to produce enzymes that break down antibodies, weakening the immune response.

Microbes can kill phagocytes, directly targeting the immune cells that engulf and destroy them.

Some microbes prevent the movement of immune cells to the site of infection, hindering the immune response.

Microbes can resist the breakdown by lysosomal enzymes within phagocytes, ensuring their survival and propagation.

The ability of some bacteria to cause blood to coagulate, forming blood clots that protect them from white blood cells and other immune defenses.

Enzymes that dissolve blood clots, helping bacteria spread throughout the body.

An enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid, a component of connective tissue, allowing bacteria to spread deeper into the body.

An enzyme that breaks down collagen, a key protein found in connective tissues, enabling bacteria to invade deeper tissues.

A factor produced by certain bacteria that causes tissue death (necrosis), often associated with a severe inflammatory response.

A bacterial enzyme that breaks down red blood cells (RBCs) completely, resulting in a clear zone around the bacteria on a blood agar plate.

A bacterial enzyme that causes partial breakdown of red blood cells (RBCs) resulting in a greenish discoloration around the bacteria on a blood agar plate.

The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream.