Infectious Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes a chronic infection from an acute infection?

  • Chronic infections develop quickly with high symptoms.
  • Chronic infections have milder but longer-lasting symptoms. (correct)
  • Chronic infections can be cured entirely within a short time.
  • Chronic infections are always caused by bacteria.

    • Which type of infection is caused by microorganisms from the patient's own microbiota?

  • Nosocomial infection
  • Chronic infection
  • Autogenous infection (correct)
  • Epidemic infection

    • What percentage of nosocomial infections are urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

  • 15%
  • 13%
  • 33% (correct)
  • 50%

    • Which type of disease occurs constantly in a specific population?

    <p>Endemic disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of infectious disease do the characteristic signs and symptoms peak?

    <p>Clinical / Illness period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a predisposing factor for disease?

    <p>Increased hand washing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a group of signs and symptoms associated with a specific disease?

    <p>Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a communicable disease?

    <p>Easily spread from one host to another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Staphylococcus species is coagulase negative and associated with endocarditis?

    <p>Staphylococcus epidermidis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the DNase test?

    <p>To determine the ability to degrade DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Staphylococcus saprophyticus is true?

    <p>It causes UTIs in young women.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test uses toluidine blue or methyl green to detect DNase activity?

    <p>DNase Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic differentiates Staphylococcus epidermidis from Staphylococcus saprophyticus?

    <p>Staphylococcus saprophyticus is resistant to novobiocin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes produced by Staphylococcus aureus helps in breaking down fibrin clots?

    <p>Staphylokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to confirm the identification of Staphylococcus species in the Staph A Coagglutination Test?

    <p>Binding of antibodies to inert particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pathogenic determinant of Staphylococcus aureus?

    <p>Lactase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures are primarily responsible for antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

    <p>Plasmids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the plasma/inner membrane in bacteria?

    <p>ATP generation and transport regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of inclusion body in bacteria?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microorganism is Mycoplasma characterized by?

    <p>Absence of a cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bacterial structure is known to resist extreme environmental conditions?

    <p>Endospores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary components of the bacterial nucleoid?

    <p>Circular double-stranded naked DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Endospores are produced through which process?

    <p>Sporogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of inclusion bodies in bacteria?

    <p>Store nutrients and lessen osmotic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color indicates a positive result in the chromogenic cephalosporin test?

    <p>Pink/Red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics acts as a 30's ribosome inhibitor?

    <p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of 50's ribosome inhibitors?

    <p>Inhibition of peptidyl transferase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of Tetracycline?

    <p>Yellowing of teeth in children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is known to be highly effective against enteric bacteria?

    <p>Quinolones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Sulfonamides inhibit in bacterial cells?

    <p>Enzyme activity related to folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following antibiotics is part of the anti-TB drug regimen known as RIPES?

    <p>Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which agar is specifically designed to support the growth of Neisseria meningitidis?

    <p>Modified Thayer-Martin Agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic specifically targets Gram-negative bacteria for cell membrane disruption?

    <p>Polymyxin B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Vancomycin in the Thayer-Martin Agar composition?

    <p>Inhibits gram-positive bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is associated with Clostridium perfringens?

    <p>Double zone of hemolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is NOT typically used to promote anaerobiosis in a laboratory setting?

    <p>Aerobic incubator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anaerobes is known to cause bacterial vaginitis?

    <p>Mobiluncus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one unique feature of Bacteroides ureolyticus?

    <p>Pitting of agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of agar can support the growth of Mycoplasma hominis?

    <p>New York City Agar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator is used in Thioglycollate medium to demonstrate anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Resazurin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the incubation period refer to in microbiology?

    <p>The duration between exposure to a pathogen and the onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the source of an infection?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mortality rate indicative of?

    <p>The number of deaths due to a disease in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates bactericidal agents from bacteriostatic agents?

    <p>Bactericidal agents destroy organisms whereas bacteriostatic agents inhibit their growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of antibiotics is chemically modified from natural products?

    <p>Semisynthetic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a narrow spectrum antibiotic refer to?

    <p>Effective only against a limited number of pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical features is associated with morbidity rate?

    <p>The rate at which illness occurs in a specific population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'bacteriostatic' imply about the function of an antimicrobial agent?

    <p>It inhibits the growth of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Microbiology - Bacte, MYCO, VIRO - Prof Arconado

    • Course offered by General Biology (University of the Philippines Visayas)
    • Includes information on bacteriology, mycology, and virology
    • Topics covered in the medical technology licensure examination are detailed in the table of specifications

    Table of Specifications

    • Bacteriology (49%):
      • Collection, transport, processing and staining of specimens
      • Bacterial culture media
      • Morphology and staining characteristics of aerobic bacteria
      • Differential and confirmatory tests for bacteria identification
      • Serological and molecular tests
      • Sensitivity testing
      • Bacteriological testing of water, food, milk, and utensils
      • Morphology and staining characteristics of anaerobic bacteria
      • Mycobacteria
      • Bacteria with unusual growth requirements (Spirochetes, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia)
    • Mycology (4%):
      • Collection, transport and clinical specimen examination
      • Fungal culture
    • Virology (4%):
      • General characteristics, transmission and diseases of viruses
      • Collection, transport, and clinical specimen examination
    • Equipment and Instrumentation (5%):
      • Manual equipment
      • Automated equipment
    • Quality Assurance and Safety (16%):
      • Infection control
      • Quality control
      • Patient Safety
      • Safety in the workplace and environment
    • Parasitology (8%):

    Bacteriology - Study of Bacteria

    • Taxonomy: Classification, nomenclature, and identification of bacteria
    • Classification: Organization of organisms based on morphology, physiology, and genetics
    • Nomenclature: Naming of microorganisms using established rules and guidelines
    • Identification - Process of determining characteristics of a microorganism.
    • Morphology - Study of the shape and form of bacteria
    • Physiology- Study of the metabolic activity of bacteria
    • Genotype- Genetic make up
    • Phenotype- Observable Characteristics
    • Gram Stain - method to distinguish bacteria based on their cell wall composition.
      • Gram-positive: retain crystal violet stain
      • Gram-negative: lose crystal violet and are counterstained pink.
    • Prokaryotes - cells lacking a nucleus, this includes bacteria and archaea
    • Cell Appendages: structures on the surface of a cell, crucial for interactions with the environment.
      • Glycocalyx is a protective layer on the outside of some bacterial cells
      • Flagella are used for motility and chemotaxis
      • Pili/Fimbriae used for attachment to surfaces or other cells.

    Other Topics

    • Various methods for microbial identification (stains, biochemical tests, etc)
    • Types of bacterial growth: Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Microaerophilic.
    • Microbial growth curve
    • Bacterial genetics - gene structure, replication, and transfer mechanisms
    • Bacterial metabolism - enzyme/pathways responsible for energy production, anabolism and catabolism
    • Methods of sterilization and disinfection of microbial agents (physical & chemical methods)
    • Pathogenesis of infection and opportunistic infection
    • Disease classification based on occurrence and extent of infection
    • Viral Structure and Replication
    • Viral Classification Based on Genomes, Symmetry
    • Laboratory diagnosis of viruses
    • Culture media
    • Common diseases caused by various micro-organisms.
    • Types of stain used for microscopy
    • Quality control and safety procedures

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on infectious diseases with this quiz focusing on chronic vs. acute infections, microorganisms, and more. From understanding nosocomial infections to the characteristics of specific pathogens, this quiz covers key concepts in microbiology. Challenge yourself and see how much you really know!

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